Fig. 3
From: TNF-α Opens a Paracellular Route for HIV-1 Invasion across the Blood-Brain Barrier
TNF-a enhancement of HIV-1 penetration is greater in models with high basal permeability compared with models with low basal permeability
Models (4 days in culture) were were treated with DME-S (circles), DME-S with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) (triangles), or DME-S with TNF-α (100 ng/ml) (squares) for 2 hr prior to and during the whole experiment. HIV-1 was placed in the upper chamber (2.1 ng in A and B, and 50 pg in C). Samples (50 µL) for virus assay were removed from the lower chamber at indicated intervals and were measured by infectious virus assay (A and B), or HIV RNA assay (C). (A) Model constructed on fibronectin matrix (coefficient of permeability 0.0023 cm/min) measured by infectious virus assay. (B) Model constructed on collagen I-fibronectin (coefficient of permeability 0.0009 cm/min) measured by infectious virus assay. (C) Model constructed on collagen I-fibronectin (coefficient of permeability 0.0009 cm/min) measured by virus RNA assay.