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Table 2 Transmigration of monocytes across the blood-brain barrier or terephthalate membrane from the blood chamber into the brain chamber in relation to chemotactic activity of monocytes or virus in the brain chamber

From: TNF-α Opens a Paracellular Route for HIV-1 Invasion across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Addition into Lower Chamber

No. of Transmigrated Monocytes across Endothelial/Astrocyte Barrier (×104)c (24 hr)

No. of Transmigrated Monocytes across Endothelial/Astrocyte Barrier (×104)c (48 hr)

No. of Transmigrated Monocytes across Uncoated Membrane (×104)c (24 hr)

No. of Transmigrated Monocytes across Uncoated Membrane (×104)c (48 hr)

None p ]Monocytesa Monocytesa plus HIV-1b

1.7 ± 0.14 3.4 ± 0.33 2.9 ± 0.09

4.1 ± 0.25 6.3 ± 0.44 8.1 ± 0.11

11.8 ± 0.17 13.8 ± 0.21 17.2 ± 0.37

16.1 ± 0.12 19.6 ± 0.35 24.9 ± 0.07

a1 × 104 monocytes were placed in the lower chamber. p ]b1.5 million copies of HIV RNA were placed in the lower chamber. c250,000 monocytes were placed in the upper chamber. The numbers (mean ± S.E.M.) indicate the number of monocytes that transmigrated at indicated times across the terephthalate membrane (pore size 8 µm) with or without endothelial/astrocyte bilayer into the lower chamber at indicated times.