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Fig. 6 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 6

From: Interleukin-6 and Glucocorticoids Synergistically Induce Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Expression in Chronically Infected U1 Cells by a Long Terminal Repeat Independent Post-Transcriptional Mechanism

Fig. 6

Model of transcriptional and post-transcriptional synergistic induction of HIV expression in U1 cells by cytokines and GC. IL-6 induces activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and AP-1 that can lead to increased viral transcription if U1 cells are simultaneously stimulated with TNF-α, a strong inducer of NF-kB activation. Direct binding of AP-1 complexes to HIV DNA sequences downstream the transcription start site may not always result in increased transcription. Ultimate post-transcriptional synergy can occur in U1 cells co-stimulated by IL-6 and GC as a result of the activation of target cellular and viral genes.

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