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Table 2 The status of the various factors in relation to the spectrum of NE tumors

From: Genetic and Molecular Coordinates of Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors, with Emphasis on Small-cell Lung Carcinomas

Factors

Status in the Spectrum of Aggressiveness (from TCs to SCLC)

References

Aneuploidy

Increasing

133,120

Bak

Highly expressed in carcinoids

126

Bax

Decreasing

23,112,124

Bcl-2

Increasing (decrease in metastatic SCLCs)

23,112,124

BCL-X

Expressed in TCs

127

c-ets-1

Highly expressed in high-grade NE tumors

179

CD44S

Decreasing

100

CD44v6

Its loss is associated with aggressivity

100

CD99

Expressed only in TCs

102–104

Ki-67 labeling

Increasing

114,193,194

MCL-1

Highly expressed in carcinoids

126

PAI-1

Increasing

188

PAI-2

Decreasing

188

p53

Increasing

60,100,126

Rb

Decreasing

11,38,58,134,135, 143–145,148–152

Topo II α

Increasing (although there are no reports for LCLCs)

254,263,266

u-PA

Increasing

187,188

  1. Abbreviations: SCLC, small-cell lung cancer; TC, typical carcinoids; LCLC, large-cell lung carcinoma.