Fig. 5

(A) The effects of various inhibitors of NADPH oxidase on ANG II-induced mesangial cell superoxide production. Equal numbers of MCs were incubated in media containing either buffer (control), DPI (10 µM), propranolol (Pro, 100 µM), BAPTA (50 µM), anti-TGF-β antibody (A-TGF-ab, 1 µg/ml) in the presence or absence of ANG II (10⁻⁸ M) for 2 hr. Supernatants were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min and evaluated for superoxide content. Results (means ± SEM) are from four series of experiments. *p < 0.001 compared with control, DPI + ANG II, propranolol + ANG II, and anti-TGF-β antibody + ANG II; **p < 0.01 compared with ANG II alone. (B) Effect of anti-TGF-β antibody, DPI and L-NAME on ANG II-induced caspase-3 activity. Equal numbers of cells were incubated in media containing either buffer (control), anti-TGF-β antibody (ATGFab, 1 µg/ml), DPI (10 µM), L-NAME (L-N, 1 mM) in the presence or absence of ANG II (10⁻⁸ and 10⁻⁶ M) for 3 hr. Subsequently, caspase-3 activity was determined. Results are four series of experiments. *p < 0.001 compared with control, DPI alone, ATGFab alone, and L-N alone; **p < 0.001 compared with ANG II, 10⁻⁸ M alone; ***p < 0.01 compared with ANG II, 10⁻⁶ M alone; ^ap < 0.001 compared with respective concentrations of ANG II; ^bp < 0.001 compared with ANG II, 10⁻⁸ M alone; ^cp < 0.05 compared with ANG II, 10⁻⁶ M alone.