Fig. 6

Histological distortion of urinary bladder in rats following cyclophosphamide (CYP) stimulation with and without GPR120 agonist / extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT). Hematoxylin eosin (H&E)-stained bladder sections showing normal urothelium in sham controls with (a) and without (b) ESWT. Damaged urothelium noted in rats following CYP treatment (c), including mucosal thinning. (blue arrows) and edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cell infiltration (green arrows). Significant preservation of urothelial integrity after ESWT (d) and GPR120 agonist (i.e., GW9508) (e) treatment. f Summary of differences in bladder injury score in the five groups of animals (n = 6 per group). Values expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. CYP; ^††p < 0.01 vs. controls; ns, non-significance. Significance of differences determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc comparisons tests. Scale bars in right lower corner represent 50 μm. SC = sham control; CYP = cyclophosphamide; ESWT = extracorporeal shock wave treatment; GW9508 = GPR120 agonist