Fig. 1

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) produced less pro-inflammatory cytokines after pre-treatment with norepinephrine or salbutamol. (A&C) mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in cell lysate of BMDM after treatment with 100 ng/ml LPS for 18 h and pre-treatment with different concentrations of norepinephrine (a) or salbutamol (c) together with propranolol, normalized for reference genes β-actin and Ubiquitin. Expression is relative to mRNA expression in BMDM not exposed to any treatment. (B&D) Protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in supernatant of BMDM after treatment with 100 ng/ml LPS for 18 h and pre-treatment with different concentrations of norepinephrine (b) or salbutamol (d) together with propranolol, normalized for total protein levels. N = 4 mice. Data is expressed as median and individual data points. We tested for statistical significant differences with a Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn’s test. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. * P-value < 0.05; ** P-value ≤0.01; *** P-value ≤0.001