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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the AHF cohort (n = 411)

From: Association between admission plasma 2-oxoglutarate levels and short-term outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study

 

Low group (n = 205)

High group (n = 206)

p-value

Age, yrs

66.3 (12.0)

63.5 (13.9)

0.027

Sex, male

121 (59.0%)

147 (71.4%)

0.009

Comorbidity

 Current smoking

60 (29.3%)

46 (22.3%)

0.108

 Hypertension

129 (62.9%)

99 (48.1%)

0.002

 Diabetes mellitus

67 (32.7%)

59 (28.6%)

0.374

 COPD

16 (7.8%)

24 (11.7%)

0.188

 Atrial fibrillation

55 (26.8%)

70 (34.0%)

0.115

Measurements at admission

 BMI, kg/m2

23.9 (3.8)

24.2 (6.8)

0.684

 HR, bpm

83.6 (17.5)

87.9 (20.8)

0.026

 SBP, mmHg

134.9 (27.1)

125.9 (23.3)

< 0.001

 LVEF, %

56.0 (50.0–62.0)

50.5 (39.0–59.0)

< 0.001

eGFR,ml/min/1.73 m2

88.2 (64.8–109.8)

86.7 (62.7–106.5)

0.607

 Urea, mmol/L

6.3 (5.2–9.1)

6.8 (5.3–9.8)

0.198

 UA, μmol/L

405.0 (319.0–489.0)

435.0 (371.2–562.0)

< 0.001

 ALB, g/L

a (202) 38.7 (5.0)

(204) 38.8 (5.2)

0.840

 TBil, μmol/L

(202) 8.9 (5.7–12.3)

(204) 12.6 (8.1–18.5)

< 0.001

 ALT, IU/L

(200) 17.0 (12.0–24.2)

(204) 24.5 (16.0–47.0)

< 0.001

 LDL-C, mmol/L

(193) 2.5 (1.9–3.4)

(191) 2.6 (2.0–3.3)

0.372

 HDL-C, mmol/L

(193) 1.0 (0.8–1.2)

(191) 1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.963

 CRP, mg/L

(177) 3.9 (1.3–12.0)

(192) 6.1 (1.8–18.4)

0.725

 Hb, mg/L

(204) 124.6 (22.6)

(205) 128.7 (23.0)

0.072

NT-proBNP, pg/ml

1257.0 (507.1–3022.0)

2353.5 (841.1–5220.0)

0.008

 2OG, μg/ml

4.8 (4.2–5.4)

8.1 (6.7–11.2)

< 0.001

NYHA class

< 0.001

 II

121 (59.0%)

79 (38.3%)

 

 III

56 (27.3%)

80 (38.8%)

 

 IV

28 (13.7%)

47 (22.8%)

 

HF etiology

0.001

 Ischemic

108 (52.7%)

91 (44.2%)

 

 Hypertension

32 (15.6%)

16 (7.8%)

 

 DCM

16 (7.8%)

34 (16.5%)

 

 Others

49 (23.9%)

65 (31.6%)

 

Type of HF

< 0.001

 HFrEF

24 (11.7%)

55 (26.7%)

 

 HFmEF

26 (12.7%)

40 (19.4%)

 

 HFpEF

155 (75.6%)

111 (53.9%)

 

Bacterial infections

21 (16.0%)

36 (22.1%)

0.192

Medications at discharge

 ACEIs/ARBs

91 (44.4%)

79 (38.3%)

0.214

 Beta-blockers

125 (61.0%)

112 (54.4%)

0.175

 MRA

80 (39.0%)

112 (54.4%)

0.002

 Loop diuretics

89 (43.4%)

126 (61.2%)

< 0.001

 Statins

154 (75.1%)

136 (66.0%)

0.043

Outcome

 Primary outcome

26 (12.7%)

50 (21.4%)

0.002

 All-cause mortality

8 (3.9%)

17 (8.3%)

0.065

  1. The AHF cohort was divided into two groups according to the median 2OG levels (μg/ml): the low group (< 6.0, n = 205) and the high group (≥6.0, n = 206). Continuous variables are presented as the mean (SD) or the median with the IQRs (25th, 75th percentiles). Categorical variables are presented as counts and percentiles
  2. Abbreviations: HF heart failure, AHF acute heart failure, 2OG 2-Oxoglutarate, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI body mass index, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UA uric acid, NYHA New York Heart Association, ALB albumin, TBil total bilirubin, ALT alanine aminotransferase, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CRP C-reaction protein, Hb hemoglobin, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, HFrEF HF with reduced ejection fraction, HFmEF HF with mid-range ejection fraction, HFpEF HF with preserved ejection fraction, ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid/aldosterone receptor antagonist. a: the remain valid data regardless of the missing ones
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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658