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Fig. 3 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Metabolomics analysis elucidates unique influences on purine / pyrimidine metabolism by xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Fig. 3

Purine/pyrimidine metabolism pathway map in stationary and reperfused states. Pathway maps of purine/pyrimidine metabolism in both stationary (a) and reperfused (b) states show alterations in the concentrations of several metabolites. Uric acid in XOR inhibitor-treated groups was maintained at very low concentrations, whereas hypoxanthine and xanthine accumulated in XOR-R groups. PRPP was not detectable in inhibitor-treated groups (a, b; circled with an orange dashed line). ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, and adenine levels were approximately 20–40% higher in XOR-R than in vehicle-treated rats in the reperfused state (B; circled with a black dashed line). Allopurinol treatment decreased succinyl AMP levels, whereas it increased orotic acid, orotidine 5′-P, and carbamoyl-Asp levels (a, b; circled with a red dashed line). PRPP, phosphoribosyl diphosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; AMP, adenosine 5′-monophosphate; IMP, inosinic acid; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; GDP, guanosine 5′-diphosphate; GMP, guanosine 5′-monophosphate; CTP, cytidine triphosphate; CDP, cytidine 5′-diphosphate; CMP, cytidine 5′-monophosphate; UDP, uridine diphosphate; UMP, uridine 5′-monophosphate; succinyl AMP, adenylosuccinic acid; orotidine 5′-P, orotidine 5′-monophosphate; carbamoyl-Asp, N-carbamoylasparatic acid

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