Table 1 Characteristics of the three study populations

 Sex (male: female)

7: 3

3: 2

6: 0

 Age (years)

48 (29–68; 19–78); 10

54 (30–55; 23–55); 5

35 (19–52; 17–57); 6

 Pre-injury ASA PS (ASA I: II: III)

5: 3: 2

3: 1: 1

5: 0: 1

 Mechanism of injury (blunt: penetrating)

10: 0

4: 1

5: 1

 NISS

34 (22–43; 12–75); 10

41 (22–53; 9–57); 5

41 (7–59; 1–66); 6

 ISS

28 (20–32; 5–48); 10

24 (15–46; 9–57); 5

36 (4–49; 1–50); 6

 Admission BE (mmol/L)

−4.1 (− 7.3 – − 1.0; − 8.3 – 0.1); 10

−3.4 (− 5.6 – − 2.0; − 6.2 – − 1.6); 4

−2.3 (− 6.2–0.3; − 8.7 – 3.7); 6

 Admission HMGB1 (ng/mL)^a

6.57 (3.01–29.9; 1.68–155); 10

50.8 (1.88–91.2; 1.54–97.9); 5

13.2 (8.62–17.7; 7.31–20.4); 6

 Time from injury to first sample (hours)^b

3:07 (1:03–5:44; 0:39–7:26); 9

0:45 (0:31–2:41; 0:29–4:06); 5

1:41 (0:49–2:49; 0:17–3:50); 6

 ICU length of stay (days)

6 (2–11; 1–17); 10

7 (3–9; 2–10); 5

6 (2–11; 2–12); 6

 Ventilator treatment (y: n)

5: 5

2: 3

5: 1

 Dead at 30 days (y: n)

1: 9

1: 4

1: 5

 Ventilator-free days

29 (11–30; 0–30); 10

30 (0–30; 0–30); 5

23 (17–29; 0–30); 6