Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of several antibodies against hRSV-infection
From: Antibody development for preventing the human respiratory syncytial virus pathology
Name | Target/Type | Advantages | Disadvantages | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
IVIG-hRSV | Non-specific protein target /polyclonal antibodies | -First therapy accepted by the FDA for human use. -Widely used treatment in the absence of other specific therapies | -Does not induce immunological memory. -High and recurrent doses are required to promote protection. | (Anderson et al. 1986; Groothuis et al. 1993; Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) PREVENT study group 1997) |
131-2G | G protein/ monoclonal antibody | -It is able to confer protection prior to or after hRSV-infection. -Triggers activated IFN-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. -Widely used to identify an hRSV infection in laboratory assays. -Recognizes a very conserved epitope associated with the binding to its receptor. | -Does not induce immunological memory. -Not accepted by the FDA for human use. -Only approved in animal models. | (Tripp et al. 2001; Tripp et al. 2003; Radu et al. 2010; Miao et al. 2009; Haynes et al. 2009; Boyoglu-Barnum et al. 2014; Caidi et al. 2012; YOUNG 2002) |
Palivizumab (MEDI 493) | F protein/ monoclonal antibody | -Decreases over 50% of neonatal hRSV-infection. -Accepted by the FDA for human use. -It is the only treatment used in humans nowadays. -Prevents the entry of the virus into the cell. | -Does not induce immunological memory. -At least 3 to 5 doses are necessary. -High cost (US$1416 dose of 100 mg/mL). -Difficult access for the high-risk population. | (Johnson et al. 1997; Subramanian et al. 1998; Sáez-Llorens et al. 1998; DeVincenzo et al. 2007; Village 1998; B. R. 2018; Torchin et al. 2018; Ambrose et al. 2014; Mochizuki et al. 2017; Lacaze-Masmonteil et al. 2003; Wu et al. 2007) |
Motavizumab (MEDI 524) | F protein/ monoclonal antibody | -Decreases over 50% of neonatal infection. -Has higher affinity than palivizumab for its antigen. -Promotes a better protective effect than palivizumab. -Prevents the entry of the virus into the cell. | -Does not induce immunological memory. -At least 3 to 5 doses are necessary. -Not accepted by the FDA for human use. -Produces cutaneous lesions in human. | (Wu et al. 2008; MejÃas et al. 2005; Huang et al. 2010; Fernández et al. 2010; Carbonell-Estrany et al. 2010; O’Brien et al. 2015; Ramilo et al. 2014; Mak et al. 2014) |
Monoclonal anti-N | N protein/ monoclonal antibody | -High specificity in clinical samples from nasopharyngeal swabs from hRSV-infected patients. - May induce ADCC and complement fixed in infected cells. - N-hRSV protein migrates to the membrane of infected cells. | - The evaluation of this antibody is in experimental process in murine model |