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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and biomarker measures

From: Key role of MIF-related neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease

 

Controls (n = 14)

AD (n = 19)

Age (years), mean (SD)

70.5 (4.1)

69.7 (4.6)

Gender, No. (%) of males

5 (35.7%)

10 (52.6%)

Education years, mean (SD)

13.1 (2.6)

13.3 (2.5)

MMSE scale, mean (SD)

28.6 (1.8)

23.8 (3.9)*

APOEε4 carriers, No. (%)

2 (14.3%)

9 (47.4%)*

CSF MIF (ng/ml), mean (SD)

0.158 (0.096)

0.270 (0.168)

Plasma MIF (ng/ml), mean (SD)

0.045 (0.077)

0.113 (0.170)

CSF Aβ 1–42 (pg/ml), mean (SD)

990.3 (203.9)

522.8 (134.0)*

CSF tau (pg/ml), mean (SD)

182.1 (44.4)

738.5 (407.9)*

CSF p-tau181 (pg/ml), mean (SD)

42.6 (12.4)

93.9 (35.7)*

  1. MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor, APOEε4 Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination
  2. *statistically different (p ≤ 0.05) from CDR 0, using Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and binomial proportion tests for categorical variables