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Table 1 The pathways of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis-related pathophysiological processes

From: Long non-coding RNA H19 in atherosclerosis: what role?

Pathway

Function

Experiment

Experimental Material

Ref.

lncRNA-H19/CTCF/PKD1

pro-angiogenesis

in vivo

aortic tissues from ApoE−/− knockout mice

(Yang et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/miR-199a-5p/VEGF-A,

pro-angiogenesis

in vitro

BMSCs from mice

(Hou et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/miR-29a/VEGF-A,

pro-angiogenesis

in vitro

glioma tissue specimens from patients diagnosed with glioma undergoing surgical resection, human brain microvascular endothelial cell line

(Jia et al. 2016)

lncRNA-H19/miR-29c/VEGF-A

pro-angiogenesis

in vitro and in vivo

vascularized corneas from patients, rat model of CNV, HUVECs

(Sun et al. 2019a)

lncRNA-H19/miR-181a/eNOS/VEGF

pro-angiogenesis

in vitro

HMEC-1 cells

(Zhu et al. 2019a)

lncRNA-H19/EZH2/VASH1

pro-angiogenesis

in vitro and in vivo

subcutaneous model in nude mice, HAMSCs, HUVECs

(Yuan et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/STAT3

pro-angiogenesis

in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo

carotid plaques from patients, endothelial-specific inducible lncRNA-H19 deficient mice and control littermates, aortic rings from young and aged mice, monocytes, HUVECs, hCoAECs

(Hofmann et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/miR-675/Class II HDAC

anti-adipogenic

in vitro

BMSCs from human

(Huang et al. 2016)

lncRNA-H19/miR-188/LCoR

anti-adipogenic

in vitro

BMSCs from mice

(Wang et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/miR-130a/PPARγ

pro-lipid accumulation

in vitro and in vivo

mouse model of NFALD, HepG2 and Huh-7 cells for NAFLD cellular model

(Liu et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/PTBP1/SREBP1c

pro-lipid accumulation

in vitro and in vivo

human liver specimens, lncRNA-H19-deleted mice, lncRNA-H19 overexpressed and PTBP1 knockdown mice, primary hepatocytes from mice

(Liu et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/MBD1/PEGs

pro-adipogenic, anti-lipid accumulation

in vitro and in vivo

adipose tissues from mice exposed cold or exposed to chronic HFD feeding, PIBA cell line

(Schmidt et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/miR-130b

pro-lipid accumulation, pro-inflammatory

in vitro

blood samples from atherosclerotic patients and non-atherosclerotic patients, mouse macrophages cell line (Raw264.7)

(Han et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/p38&p65/NF-κB

pro-inflammatory

in vitro

blood samples from atherosclerotic patients and healthy volunteers, atherosclerotic plaque and adjacent tissues from ApoE−/− mice, VSMCs, HUVECs

(Pan 2017)

in vitro

blood samples from atherosclerotic patients and healthy volunteers, HUVECs

(Li et al. 2019a)

lncRNA-H19/let-7a/IL-6

pro-inflammatory

in vivo and ex vivo

human AAA samples and adjacent normal aortic tissues, mouse model of AAA, ApoE−/− mice, mouse aortic VSMCs, mouse macrophages cell line (Raw264.7)

(Sun et al. 2019b)

lncRNA-H19/let-7/periostin

pro-inflammatory

in vitro

HUVECs

(Cao et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/ACP5

pro-proliferation, anti-apoptosis

in vitro and in vivo

blood samples from atherosclerotic patients and healthy subjects, mouse model of ischemic stroke, VSMCs, HUVECs

(Huang et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/let-7a/cyclin D1

pro-proliferation

in vitro and in vivo

common carotid arteries from rat model of carotid artery balloon injury, HA-VSMCs, HEK 293 T cells

(Sun et al. 2019c)

lncRNA-H19/let-7b/AT1R

pro-proliferation

in vitro and in vivo

Serum, lung tissues and PAMSCs from rat/mouse model of PAH

(Su et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/miR-148b/WNT/β-catenin

pro-proliferation, anti-apoptosis

in vitro

blood samples from atherosclerotic patient without any treatment and healthy volunteers, HA-VSMCs

(Zhang et al. 2018a)

lncRNA-H19/miR-675/PTEN

pro-proliferation

in vitro and in vivo

common carotid arteries from rat model of carotid artery balloon injury, HA-VSMCs, HEK 293 T cells

(Lv et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/miR-675-5p/Mfn2

pro-proliferation, anti-apoptosis

in vitro and in vivo

vascular walls from rat model of carotid artery balloon injury, VSMCs

(Xu and Sun 2018)

lncRNA-H19/HIF1α/Mdm2/p53/Bcl-2&BAX

pro-apoptosis

in vitro and in vivo

AAA samples from patients and abdominal aortic samples from organ donor controls, mouse model of AAA, mini-pigs model of AAA, HA-VSMCs

(Li et al. 2018)

lncRNA-H19/miR-22-3p/KDM3A

alleviate MI

in vitro and in vivo

rat model of AMI, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes

(Zhang et al. 2020)

lncRNA-H19/miR-139/Sox8

alleviate MI

in vitro

rat embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9C2)

(Gong et al. 2017)

lncRNA-H19/YB-1

aggravate cardiac remodeling after infarction

in vitro and in vivo

mouse model of MI, cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts from MI mice, mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3)

(Choong et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/miR-877-3p/Bcl-2

alleviate myocardial I/R

in vitro and in vivo

mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, NMVCs

(Li et al. 2019b)

lncRNA-H19/miR-103&miR-107/FADD

alleviate myocardial I/R

in vitro and in vivo

mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, rat embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9C2)

(Wang et al. 2015)

lncRNA-H19/nucleolin

alleviate myocardial I/R

in vitro and in vivo

mouse model of myocardial IP and I/R injury, rat embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9C2), neonatal rat cardiomyocytes

(Chen et al. 2020)

lncRNA-H19/miR-29b-3p/cIAP1

alleviate myocardial I/R

in vitro

neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, rat embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9C2), HEK 293 T cells

(Zhang et al. 2019)

lncRNA-H19/miR-675/PPARα

aggravate myocardial I/R

in vitro and in vivo

mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes

(Luo et al. 2019)

  1. Abbreviations: lncRNAs long non-coding RNAs, miRNAs microRNAs, CTCF CCCTC-binding factor, PKD1 Polycystic kidney disease 1, ApoE Apolipoprotein E, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, BMSCs Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, CNV Corneal neovascularization, HUVECs Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, eNOS endothelial NO synthase, HMEC-1 Human dermal vascular endothelial cells, EZH2 Enhancer of zeste homolog 2, VASH1 Vasohibin1, HAMSCs Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, hCoAEC human coronary artery endothelial cells, Class II HDAC Class II histone deacetylase, LCoR Ligand-dependent corepressor, PPARγ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, NFALD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, PTBP1 Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1, SREBP1c Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, MBD1 Methyl-CpG–binding domain protein 1, HFD High-fat diet, PIBA Primary immortalized brown adipocytes, NF-κB Nuclear factor-κB, VSMCs Vascular smooth muscle cells, IL-6 Interleukin-6, AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm, ACP5 Acid phosphatase 5, HA-VSMCs Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, HEK Human embryonic kidney, AT1R Ang II type 1 receptor, PASMCs Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, PAH Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten, Mfn2 Mitofusin-2, HIF1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, Mdm2 Mouse double minute 2 homolog, Bcl-2 B cell lymphoma 2, BAX Bcl-2 associated X, KDM3A Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 3A, MI Myocardial infarction, AMI Acute myocardial infarction, Sox8 Sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group box 8, YB-1 Y-box-binding protein-1, I/R Ischemia/reperfusion, NMVCs Neonatal mouse ventricular cells, FADD Fas-associated protein with death domain, IP Ischemic preconditioning, cIAP1 cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, PPARα Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α