Table 2 Characteristics of subjects with obesity included into the study, comparison of groups according to fasting serum LDL cholesterol

Age (years)

50.1 ± 9.8

44.6 ± 12.2

< 0.004

Sex, female (%)^b

75

70

ns

Weight (kg)^a

92.2 (79.87–104.5)

92.5 (84–104.2)

0.425

Adipose tissue mass (%)^a

39.8 (34.4–42.8)

38.3 (33.2–42.2)

0.24

BMI (kg/m²)^a

33.0 (30.6–35.6)

32.1 (30.1–35.7)

0.45

WHR^a

0.9 (0.83–0.98)

0.85 (0.8–0.975)

0.23

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^a

130 (120–140)

126 (120–135)

0.16

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)^a

85 (80–90)

81 (80–89.5)

0.14

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)^a

6.14 (5.57–6.75)

4.88 (4.42–5.1)

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^a

4.14 (3.82–4.57)

2.91 (2.5–3.2)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

0.69

Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^a

4.86 (4.45–5.45)

3.51 (3.14–3.78)

< 0.001

Fasting triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 0.9

1.4 ± 0.7

0.007

Total fatty acids (µg/mL)

3868.8 ± 851.6

3122.6 ± 600.4

< 0.001

Saturated fatty acids (%)

33.51 ± 2.56

32.95 ± 1.88

0.16

Monounsaturated fatty acids (%)

26.56 ± 3.34

25.37 ± 2.46

0.025

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (%)

39.93 ± 4.61

41.65 ± 3.32

0.017

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)^a

5.4 (4.8–5.8)

5.0 (4.8–5.5)

0.025

Glucose AUC OLTT (mmol/L min)^a

9.72 (9.1–10.44)

9.43 (8.88–9.91)

0.046

Glucose AUC OGTT (mmol/L min)^a

3.68 (3.31–4.38)

3.31 (2.8–3.99)

0.018

Fasting insulin (µIU/mL)

16.0 ± 8.6

15.8 ± 8.2

0.95

HOMA-IR

3.7 ± 2.0

3.7 ± 2.2

0.78

Adiponectin (µg/mL)^a

5.99 (4.38–8.72)

6.25 (3.84–9.55)

0.79

Leptin (ng/mL)a

34.74 (22.67–51.95)

29.16 (19.4–51.84)

0.29

Fasting GIP (pg/mL)a

29.7 (19.3–44.7)

24.1 (15.9–33.6)

0.036

FGF19 (pg/mL)

147.9 ± 88.2

123.9 ± 90.6

0.035

FGF21 (pg/mL)

261.7 ± 160.6

214.2 ± 149.3

0.039