Table 1 List of studies exploring the effects of tDCS technique on cognitive deficits in PD
From: Modulating brain networks associated with cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease
Author and year | Number of subjects | Age (y) | PD group | MMSE | Anti-parkinsonian drugs | Anatomical target | Intensity (mA) | Duration (min) | Number of sessions | Clinical Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boggio et al. (2006) | 18 | 61.1 ± 0.0 | (MCI) | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 12 h withdrawal | L-DLPFC M1 Sham | 1 vs. 2 | 20 | single session | Improved working memory after 2 mA tDCS on the L-DLPFC |
Pereira et al. (2013) | 16 | 61.5 ± 9.9 | (MCI-NC) | 27.7 ± 2.1 | on | L-DLPFC L-TPC | 2 | 20 | single session | Improved phonemic fluency task |
Doruk et al. (2014) | 18 | 61.0 ± 8.0 | (NC) | 29.2 ± 0.30 | on | L-DLPFC R-DLPFC sham | 2 | 20 | 10 sessions in 2 weeks | Improved Trail Making Test B and executive function after the end of treatment and at 1-month follow-up |
Biundo et al. (2015) | 16 | 71.1 ± 5.8 | MCI** | n/a | on | L-DLPFC sham | 2 | 20 | 16 sessions in 4 weeks | Worsened attention/executive skill and memory index at the post-test, and improved memory index at the follow-up test |
Manenti et al. (2016) | 20 | 69.0 ± 0.0 | MCI†-NC‡ | n/a | on | L-DLPFC R-DLPFC sham | 2 | 25 | 10 sessions in 2 weeks | Improved cognitive abilities after the end of treatment and at 3-month follow-up |
Manenti et al. (2018) | 22 | 64.0 ± 0.0 | MCI†-NC‡ | n/a | on | L-DLPFC sham | 2 | 25 | 10 sessions in 2 weeks | Improved cognitive performances and reduction of depressive symptoms |
Lau et al. (2019) | 10 | 62.7 ± 6.6 | (MCI) | 26.2 ± 0.40 | on | L-DLPFC Sham | 2 | 20 | single session | No change |