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Fig. 2 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Redox modifications of cysteine residues regulate the cytokine activity of HMGB1

Fig. 2

Effect of oxidation on HMGB1-induced TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 cells. a Effects of mild H2O2 exposure (50 µmol/L, 120 min) on the TNF-α stimulating activity of HMGB1 prepared with DTT (all-thiol HMGB1). b Effects of an A45 mutation of HMGB1 on TNF-α release compared with HMGB1 prepared in the absence of DTT (disulfide HMGB1). RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with various HMGB1 proteins over a range of concentrations (0 to 10 µg/mL) for 16 h. TNF-α released into the cell culture supernatant was measured by ELISA. N = 3. Two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test between groups. *p < 0.05 versus all-thiol or C45A-HMGB1

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