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Fig. 3 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 3

From: 2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin (ODSH) increases bacterial clearance and attenuates lung injury in cystic fibrosis by restoring HMGB1-compromised macrophage function

Fig. 3

ODSH increases the reduced nitrate levels in PA infected CF mice. A CFTR mutated bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells and CFTR corrected S9 control epithelial cells were cultured with or without heat killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) at 100 µg/mL for 24 h. Cells supernatant were collected and analyzed for the levels of extracellular nitric oxide (NO) through measuring the levels of nitrate by Griess assay. Levels of nitrate were represented by relative optical density and expressed in AU. Each value represents mean ± SEM of three independent experiments for each group. **, P < 0.01 compared to the S9 control cell group infected with PA. B C57BL/6 mice (WT) and CFTR−/− mice (CF) were intratracheally inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) at T = 0 and were randomized to receive via i.p. administration of saline or ODSH at 8.3 or 25 mg/kg at T = 0 and 12 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 18 h after infection (T = 18 h) and the levels of NO were analyzed by measuring the levels of nitrate by Griess assay. Values (n = 10–14 mice) were represented by relative optical density and expressed in AU. Each value represents mean ± SEM of three independent experiments for each group. One-way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparison and unpaired t test was used for two group comparison to determine statistical significance

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