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Fig. 2 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Perspectives and potential approaches for targeting neuropilin 1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Fig. 2

Integrative model of ATII cell contribution to alveolar macrophage activation and cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ATII cells directly interact with pathogen utilizing ACE2 and NRP1. They induce specific signature signals which activate sentinel cells in the airways to further mount a response. These sentinel cells can reciprocally activate ATII cells by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In severe form of disease (red triangles), activation of these cells leads to hyperproduction of cytokines and lung failure. In mild form of infection (orange triangles), anti-inflammatory signature is evoked which eventually leads to macrophage directed initiation of resolution of inflammation and parenchymal repair. Phenotype of alveolar macrophages in SARS depends on a delicate balance between negative and positive regulatory pathways activated by ATII cells. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

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