Fig. 4

RANTES is involved in Pam3 CM-induced JNK phosphorylation, and TNF-α mediates the effect of Pam3 CM on JNK and NF-κB phosphorylation. A AVICs are treated with Pam3 CM for 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h. Representative immunoblots and densitometric data show that Pam3 CM induces the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB. *P < 0.05 vs. 0 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 5 cell isolates from distinct donor valves in each group. B AVICs were treated for 1 h with Pam3 CM pre-incubated with neutralizing antibodies (10 μg/ml) against TNF-α, RANTES or both. Neutralization of TNF-α attenuated the effect of Pam3 CM on JNK and NF-κB phosphorylation. Neutralization of RANTES attenuated the effect of Pam3 CM on JNK phosphorylation. *P < 0.05 vs. untreated control. ^#P < 0.05 vs. Pam3 CM or Pam3 CM treated with non-immune IgG. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 5 cell isolates from distinct donor valves in each group