Fig. 5

Adoptive transfer of plasmablasts accelerates the onset of T1D in NOD/SCID mice. A Schematic of the adoptive transfer experiment. B Representative plots indicating the reconstruction of adoptively transferred cells in the spleen of recipient mice 4 weeks after transfer. C Representative images indicating the staining of plasmablasts (CD138⁺, red) and CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells (green) in the pancreatic islets from recipients. Insulin, pink. Dapi, blue. Scale bar: 50 μm; 20 μm (inset). D Blood glucose levels of recipient mice. E Diabetes incidence of recipient mice. Figure D&E show the pooled data of two independent experiments. Log-rank test. *P < 0.05. F Representative H&E staining of pancreas from recipient mice. Scale bar: 200 μm; 50 μm (inset). G A bar graph showing insulitis severity in indicated groups. Chi-square test. These data are representative of two independent experiments