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Fig. 6 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 6

From: Increased plasmablasts enhance T cell-mediated beta cell destruction and promote the development of type 1 diabetes

Fig. 6

Plasmablasts promote T cell-mediated beta cell apoptosis through antigen presentation. A Comparison of CD4+ T cell numbers in the spleens and PLNs between PB + T group and T group. B–C Comparison of activated CD4+ T cells expressing CD25 or CD69 in the PLNs (B) and spleens (C) between PB + T group and T group. D Comparison of IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells and TNF-α+CD4+ T cells in the PLNs between PB + T group and T group. Data indicated mean ± SD. Difference were analyzed by Independent t test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. ND indicated not determined. E Schematic diagram of the co-culture experiment as described in the methods. F Apoptosis of islet cells in the indicated conditions. G–I Levels of IFN-γ (G), TNF-α (H), and granzyme B (I) in the supernatants of the indicated conditions. Data indicated mean ± SD. Difference were analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Data indicated mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

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