Fig. 4

Drug screening reveals pan-effective and patient-specific drug efficacy. CCAOs and HAOs were treated with 37 FDA-approved targeted therapeutics (Additional file 1: Table S2) at 1 µM and 10 µM concentrations for four days. Drug efficacy is visualized in a heatmap of viability relative to vehicle-treated control organoids. Drug response ranges from 0, indicating that organoids are unaffected by the compound, to 1, indicating complete absence of surviving organoid cells