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Table 2 Therapeutic strategies, their targets, and main actions to prevent liver failure

From: The liver in sepsis: molecular mechanism of liver failure and their potential for clinical translation

Drug

Study type

Target

Drug action in the liver

References

AS605240

preclinical

PCI mouse model

PI3K-γ

Biotransformation

(Press et al. 2021)

Dexmedeto-midine

preclinical

LPS rat model

TLR-4

TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling downregulation

(Zi et al. 2019)

MCPIP1

preclinical

LPS mouse model

miR-9

SIRT-1

Decrease of Sirtuin1 in KC

(Zi et al. 2019)

Montelukast

preclinical

LPS rat model

Blockage of leukotriene receptor

Anti-inflammatory properties

Lowered TNF-alpha levels

Limitation of liver injury

(Donkers et al. 2019)

Pemafibrate

preclinical

CLP mouse model

PPAR-alpha

Reduction of accumulation of toxic lipid peroxidation products and cell death in liver

(Wyngene et al. 2020 Feb)

Resveratrol

preclinical

CLP rat model

SIRT-1

Inhibition of HMGB1 release

(González-Regueiro et al. 2020)

UAMC-3203

preclinical

CLP mouse model

Ferroptosis

Ferroptosis inhibition

(Coillie et al. 2022)

Vilobelimab

clinical

Multicenter, randomized, and placebo-controlled study

Neutralization of C5a

Decrease of IL-8, IL-10

(Bauer et al. 2021)

(NCT02246595)

Wogonin

preclinical

LPS- and CLP mouse model

Nrf2

Anti-oxidative effects Inhibition of NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory signaling

(Dong et al. 2015)