Fig. 5

Functional wound healing and tube formation assays of HUVECs co-incubated with sEVs. HUVECs were grown to confluence and mechanically wounded to detect the recovered area in the presence of sEVs. A Representative images of migration assays after 24 h of co-incubation with sEVs are visualized by inverted microscopy (magnification = 10x, scale = 150 µm). B The scatter plots present the recovered area in percent of the measured gap after 24 h from scratching. C Representative fluorescence microscopy images of tube formation assays after 8 h co-incubation of HUVECs and sEVs. LVES-containing medium was used as a positive control. Magnification = 2.5x, scale = 200 µm D Scatter plots display the modification of total tube length and number of meshes compared to the PBS control (dotted line). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001