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Figure 1 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 1

From: Differential Reactions of Microglia to Brain Metastasis of Lung Cancer

Figure 1

Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded brain section with metastatic lung cancer. (A) Neurons positively stained with anti-NFH antibody were evenly distributed in the brain tissue; however, no positive staining could be observed in the region where there is aggregation of the cancer cells. Note that no clear boundary can be observed between neurons and tumor cells in this staining. (B) GFAP-positive astrocytes surround tumor masses, which show as clear regions in the micrograph. Hypertrophy of GFAP-positive cells can be observed in the vicinity of cancer masses (in white circle) compared with normal astrocytes (in black circle). Note that the boundary between cancer cells and astrocytes is slightly diffused. (C) A dense layer of Iba-1-positive microglia has accumulated to form a clear wall surrounding the tumor mass and shows negative staining to Iba-1 antibody (at the right lower-view field). In the area close to the cancer cells, microglia show as round cells (lower inset), whereas microglia with longer processes (upper inset) can be noted in the area away from the cancer cells. (D) Within the tumor mass, TNF-α-positive cells are barely observed. A number of positive cells are present in the surrounding area, although no sharp boundary can be noted between TNF-α-positive cells and tumor mass. (E) Strong iNOS staining is observed within the whole region of tumor mass. In the vicinity of the tumor mass, iNOS-positive cells are scattered in the brain tissue. Note the absence of a wall of iNOS-positive cells surrounding the tumor mass. (F) Annexin V staining of metastatic lung cancer cells treated with LPS-BVCM in vitro. The photo was taken 24 h after the cancer cells were treated with 50% LPS-BVCM in the culture medium. The green color indicates the apoptotic cells and red the necrotic cells. Scale bars are 50 µm in A-E and 100 µm in F.

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