Figure 2

PARP inhibitors and PARP-1 gene deletion prevent Zn²⁺-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake. Astrocytes were treated for 30 min with Zn²⁺ alone or with (A) 1 mM benzamide (BZ) or (B) 25 µM DPQ. (C) Comparison of Zn²⁺ effects on glutamate uptake in wild-type and PARP-1 deficient (PARP-1^−/−) astrocytes. Glutamate uptake was assessed one hour after washout of Zn²⁺. Data points are means of three to four independent experiments (n = 3-4), each with measurements from two to three culture wells. *P< 0.05 compared with vehicle (A, B) or control (C) at the designated zinc concentration.