Valproic Acid Sensitizes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Apoptosis and Restores the Balance Between Pro- and Antiapoptotic Proteins

Table 1 Patient characteristics and individual response in vitro.

Patient	Age, years	Sex	Karyotype^a	Prognosis^b	Previous therapy^c	Leukocytes/nL	Spontaneous apoptosis^d	VPA effect^e
1	75	M	Normal	p	+	44	+	0
2	71	F	13q-	g	−	16	0	++
3	79	F	NA	g	−	122	0	+
4	56	F	13q-	g	−	146	+	++
5	74	M	NA	g	−	16	0	++
6	75	M	13q-	p	+	261	+	++
7	67	M	Normal	g	−	79	++	++
8	75	M	13q-	p	+	128	+	+
9	72	M	Normal	p	−	58	+	+
10	64	M	13q-, 17p-	p	+	83	+	+
11	68	F	Normal	p	+	98	+	++
12	75	M	+ 12	g	−	27	0	0
13	57	M	Normal	g	+	278	0	++
14	71	M	NA	p	+	11	+	++
15	72	F	13q-	g	−	19	+	++
16	81	F	NA	p	−	385	++	++
17	59	F	13q-	g	−	43	++	++
18	68	F	NA	g	−	50	0	++
19	54	M	Normal	g	−	53	0	+
20	66	M	NA	p	−	61	++	++
21	65	M	+12	g	−	35	++	++
22	67	M	+12, 17p-	p	−	81	0	+
23	67	M	+12	p	−	43	+	++
24	66	M	+12	g	−	45	0	++
25	66	M	13q-, 11q-	g	−	188	0	++
26	73	M	17p-	p	−	87	+	++
27	73	M	13q-	g	−	55	0	+
28	41	M	Normal	p	−	68	++	++
29	65	F	Normal	g	−	12	+	++
30	75	M	13q-, 11q-	g	−	39	+	+

Fifty patients were assessed (34 male, 16 female, median age 67.4 years, age range 41 to 81 years); 34 patients never had any form of CLL-specific treatment. In 16 patients, the last CLL treatment course was at least 3 months before this analysis. In 30 patients, annexin V/PI staining was done. NA = not available.
^aDetermined by classic cytogenetics or FISH; normal = no aberrations detected.
^bg, favorable prognosis (Binet A, Rai 0/I); p, unfavorable prognosis (Binet B/C, Rai II/III/IV).
^cPrevious CLL-specific treatment with purine analogs, alkylating agents, or antibodies.
^dFACS analysis after 4 days in the absence of treatment; 0, negative control: <30% apoptotic cells; +, 30%–50% apoptotic cells; ++, >50% apoptotic cells.
^eFACS analysis after 4 days of treatment with 1 mM VPA.

ISSN: 1528-3658