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Figure 2 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 2

From: Molecular Mediators of Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: A Brief Review

Figure 2

In liver ischemia reperfusion injury, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) system is activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands leading to downstream signal transduction and upregulation of chemokines/cytokines, interferon (IFN)-inducible genes, and costimulatory molecules. These pathways result in full engagement of the innate immune response, transitions to the adaptive immune response, and ultimate hepatocellular damage.

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