Figure 1

Decreased skeletal muscle insulin signaling via phospho-Akt (P-Akt) following trauma and hemorrhage. Rats were subjected to trauma alone (T), or trauma and hemorrhage (TH). At 0′, 60′, 90′ either saline (−) or 5U insulin (+) was injected via the portal vein and the triceps were removed after 2 min. Tissue lysates were subjected to Western blotting with antibodies specific for P-Akt serine 473 (S473) or total Akt. Representative Western blots from TH90′ (A), and TH60′ (B) are presented. Autoradiographs from TH60′ were quantified by scanning densitometry (C). The data are presented as mean ± SEM fold change of P-AKT (S473) by insulin of three rats (n = 3) in each group. T0′ with no insulin treatment was arbitrarily set to 1. $P < 0.01 compared with T0′ plus insulin; ∧p < 0.01 compared with T only group at the same time point plus insulin, in this case T60′. (D) Tricep tissue lysates from blood withdrawal and replacement 60 min (BWR60′), or heparin only blood withdrawal control (BWC) animals were subjected to Western blotting with antibodies specific for P-Akt serine 473 (S473). A representative Western blot is presented.