Figure 4

Decreased skeletal muscle insulin signaling via phospho-Akt (P-Akt) at multiple time points following trauma and hemorrhage. At the same time points and treatment regiments described in Figure 1, either saline (−) or 5U insulin (+) was injected via the portal vein, the triceps were removed after 2 min, and tissue lysates were subjected to Western blotting with antibodies specific for P-Akt serine 473 (S473). Representative Western blots from (A) T0′, TH0′, and TH15′ and (B) TH30′, TH60′, and TH90′ are presented. (C) Autoradiographs from TH30′, TH60′, and TH90′ were quantified by scanning densitometry. The data are presented as mean ± SEM fold change of P-AKT (S473) by insulin of three rats (n = 3) in each group. T0′ with no insulin treatment was arbitrarily set to 1. $P < 0.01 compared with T0′; ∧P < 0.01 compared with T only group at the same time point.