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Figure 4 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 4

From: Ghrelin Attenuates Brain Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury and Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

Figure 4

Effects of ghrelin on β-APP levels in the cortex after TBI and UH. A, β-APP immunohistochemical staining of a coronal section at the level −4 mm from the bregma from a shamoperated rat. B, APP immunohistochemical staining of a coronal section at the level −4 mm from the bregma from a vehicle treated rat at 4 h after TBI and UH. C, APP immunohistochemical staining of a coronal section at the level −4 mm from the bregma from a ghrelin (4 nmol/rat)-treated rat at 4 h after TBI and UH. D, APP immunohistochemical staining of a coronal section at the level −4 mm from the bregma from a ghrelin (8 nmol/rat)-treated rat at 4 h after TBI and UH. E, APP immunohistochemical staining of a coronal section at the level −4 mm from the bregma from a ghrelin (16 nmol/rat)-treated rat at 4 h after TBI and UH. F, β-APP positive cell counts in sham-operated animals (Sham) and TBI + UH animals treated with normal saline (Vehicle) or ghrelin (Ghrelin) at 4 h after TBI + UH. β-APP positive cells were counted at 200× original magnification. All the dark yellow or brown staining was counted as positive. However, some thin or faded yellow staining as shown in the sham operated animal was considered as background. The average number of positive cells in 4 random fields was determined. Data are presented as means ± SE (n = 3) and compared with one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test: *P < 0.05 versus Sham group; #P < 0.05 versus Vehicle group. Original magnification: 400×, Scale bar = 25 µm.

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