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Table 1 Summary of effects of antioxidant vitamins in chronic diseases.

From: Melatonin: An Established Antioxidant Worthy of Use in Clinical Trials

Antioxidant used

Main outcome

Sources

Vitamin E

No reduction in total cardiovascular mortality

No decrease in risk of stroke

Significant increase in blood pressure of type 2 diabetic patients No decrease in total cardiovascular mortality Increase in risk of all-cause mortality

Muntwyler et al. (8) Ascherio et al. (9) HOPE trial (10) Ward et al. (11) Vivekananthan et al. (12) Miller et al. (13) Bjelakovic et al. (14)

Vitamin C

No decrease in risk of stroke

No decrease in total cardiovascular mortality Inconsistent data on risk of all-cause mortality

Ascherio et al. (9) Lonn et al. (10) Bjelakovic etal. (14)

Carotenoids

Increase in cardiovascular mortality

Inconsistent data on risk of stroke Increase in risk of all-cause mortality

Vivekananthan et al. (12) Ascherio et al. (9) Bjelakovic et al. (14)