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Figure 2 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 2

From: The Selective α7 Agonist GTS-21 Attenuates Cytokine Production in Human Whole Blood and Human Monocytes Activated by Ligands for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR9, and RAGE

Figure 2

GTS-21 attenuates TNF levels in endotoxin-stimulated whole blood by inhibiting TNF production by monocytes. (A) TNF production in endotoxin-stimulated whole blood is mainly driven by monocytes. Representative histograms of TNF expression in leukocyte subpopulations in unstimulated (shaded plot) or endotoxin-stimulated whole blood. Percentage number of TNF-positive cells is shown for each subpopulation, gated according to side and forward scatter properties. (B) Effect of GTS-21 and nicotine on percent TNF-positive monocytes in whole blood stimulated with endotoxin (10 ng/mL) at 4 h. Each drug concentration was tested in duplicate in whole blood obtained from five independent donors. Data shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 versus control.

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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658