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Figure 2 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 2

From: Neural Signaling in the Spleen Controls B-Cell Responses to Blood-Borne Antigen

Figure 2

Migratory arrest in the marginal zone of nicotine-treated animals. Spleen sections from nonimmunized (A) saline (B) or nicotine-injected (C) animals stained for CD49d, CD11b and B220 15 min after immunization. Red pulp clusters of CD49d+ with CD11b+ cells are marked with thin arrows; marginal zone is marked with thick arrow. (D) One hundred follicles from at least three spleen sections from nonimmunized or immunized mice treated with saline or nicotine were counted to determine the number of follicles containing aggregated cells. (E) Total splenocytes were obtained from spleens of saline-injected, immunized animals and analyzed by flow cytometry. IgM expression levels were determined on CD49d+ cells according to the different levels of expression of CD11b. Data representative of three independent experiments. (F) Spleen sections of nicotine-treated animals stained for CD11b, SIGN-R1 and B220 antibody. The image on the right column was obtained by superimposing all three channels using the Openlab software, for example. (G) Fluoresceinated dextran was injected 1 h before nicotine and antigen challenge. Spleens sections were stained for CD11b and B220. (H) Spleen sections of nicotine-treated animals stained for CD11b, Gr-1 and B220. Arrows indicate CD11b+ cells that are negative for Gr-1 outside the MZ. (I) Spleen sections of nicotine-treated animals stained for CD11b, Gr-1 and CD11c. Images representative of at least five animals per group. All images are representative of three independent experiments and at least five animals per group.

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