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Figure 4 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 4

From: Different Partners, Opposite Outcomes: A New Perspective of the Immunobiology of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase

Figure 4

Schematic model of IDO ITIM-mediated regulation of the balance of Treg/Th17 cells. In a TGF-β-driven microenvironment, phosphorylation of IDO ITIMs initiates a positive regulatory loop that involves a specific set of molecules (Fyn, SHP-1/2, IKKα, IFN-α/β) and results in an amplified differentiation of Treg cells, which in turn promotes immune tolerance (TOLERANCE). This molecular loop is opposed by IL-6, which induces/activates a different set of molecules (SOCS3, IRAK1) and, via the same phosphorylated IDO ITIMs, favors the differentiation of Th17 cells that contribute to immune activation (IMMUNITY).

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