Figure 2
From: Immunomodulatory and Antibacterial Effects of Cystatin 9 against Francisella tularensis
rCST9 confined S4 to MDM phagosome and decreased intracellular replication. rCST9 (50 pg) treated MDM (105) were infected with S4 (MOI 40:1). S4-infected MDM alone served as controls. (A) All tested conditions show that the majority of S4 (red) colocalized with LAMP-1 (green) at 2 h. At 20 h, S4 showed minimal LAMP-1 colocalization and increased cytosolic replication in infected MDM alone. However, the majority of S4 remained colocalized with LAMP-1 with minimal cytosolic replication in MDM treated with rCST9. (B) TEM analysis showed S4 in phagosomes at 2 h after infection with or without rCST9 treatment. (C) However, S4 remained in the phagosomes of MDM at 24 h after infection and/or rCST9 treatment. The images are representative of at least three replicate studies.