Figure 1

Metformin or IKK1/2 or GSK3β inhibitors affect bacterial killing by neutrophils or macrophages. (A,B,C) Bone marrow neutrophils or peritoneal macrophages were treated with metformin (0 or 1 mmol/L), PS1145 (0 or 10 µmol/L) or SB216763 (0 or 30 µmol/L) and then bacterial killing determined after exposure to P. aeruginosa. (A) Images show agar plates with bacterial colonies, an indicator of amounts surviving bacteria after coincubation of neutrophils with P. aeruginosa. (B and C) CFUs were calculated after treatment with (B) neutrophils or (C) macrophages with or without metformin, PS1145 or SB216763 followed by exposure to P. aeruginosa. Means ± SD (n = 3), *p < 0.05. (D,E,F) Western blot analysis shows the extent of NLRP3 degradation in peritoneal macrophages treated with (D) metformin (0 or 500 µmol/L), (E) AICAR (0, 0.25 or 0.5 mmol/L) or (F) SB216763 (0 or 30 µmol/L) for 8 h. Means ± SD (n = 3), *p < 0.05.