Figure 2

Effect of AAT on early- and late-stage OCP cells. (A) TRAP⁺ multinuclear cells, MNCs (cell number/well of 96-well cell culture plate) derived from bMM cells. Here, different concentrations of AAT as indicated were added from d 4–7 during osteoclast formation according to Exp-2. b TRAP⁺ MNCs (cell number/well of 96-well cell culture plate) derived from bMM cells. Here, AAT (2 mg/mL) was added from d 0–4 during osteoclast formation according to Exp-3. (C–G) Representative images of TRAP⁺ MNCs shown in (A): (C) M-CSF only (considered as negative control); (D) RANKL + M-CSF (considered as positive control); (E) RANKL + M-CSF + AAT (0.5 mg/mL); (F) RANKL + M-CSF + AAT (1 mg/mL); (G) RANKL + M-CSF + AAT (2 mg/mL). Values are means ± SEM of at least triplicate samples. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. *P <0.05, ***P <0.0001. Scale bar = 200 µm. The arrow indicates multinuclear osteoclast cells.