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  1. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a heterogeneous group of molecules involved in the nonspecific immune responses of a variety of organisms ranging from prokaryotes to mammals, including humans. AMP have variou...

    Authors: Roland Pálffy, Roman Gardlík, Michal Behuliak, Ludevit Kadasi, Jan Turna and Peter Celec
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2009 15:15010051
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  2. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of aging and many metabolic diseases; therefore, an effective antioxidant therapy would be of great importance in these circumstances. Nutritional, environ...

    Authors: Ahmet Korkmaz, Russel J. Reiter, Turgut Topal, Lucien C. Manchester, Sukru Oter and Dun-Xian Tan
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2009 15:15010043
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  3. A growing body of evidence implicates macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether MIF expression was associated with clinicopathologic f...

    Authors: Xing-Xiang He, Ken Chen, Jun Yang, Xiao-Yu Li, Huo-Ye Gan, Cheng-Yong Liu, Thomas R. Coleman and Yousef Al-Abed
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2009 15:15010001
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  4. The abstract for this article (14[3–4]: 213–221, March–April 2008) included an incorrect statement. The original sentence appeared as: “Studies have also shown that the survival rate and the induction of subse...

    Authors: Raghavan Raju, Kirby I. Bland and Irshad H. Chaudry
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411752
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Medicine 2008 14:Art15

  5. Obesity is associated with an array of health problems in adult and pediatric populations. Understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic sequelae has advanced rapidly over the past decades. Adipo...

    Authors: Katja Rabe, Michael Lehrke, Klaus G. Parhofer and Uli C. Broedl
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411741
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  6. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health care problem and a significant socioeconomic challenge worldwide. In the United States alone, approximately 1.5 million patients are affected each year, a...

    Authors: Kathryn Beauchamp, Haitham Mutlak, Wade R. Smith, Esther Shohami and Philip F. Stahel
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411731
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  7. Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes to the development of chronic interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy in renal allograft patients. Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 actively participate in acute isc...

    Authors: Carla Q. Feitoza, Giselle M. Gonçalves, Patricia Semedo, Marcos A. Cenedeze, Hélady S. Pinheiro, Felipe Caetano Beraldo, Oscar Fernando, Pavão dos Santos, Vicente de Paula A. Teixeira, Marlene A. dos Reis, Marilda Mazzali, Alvaro Pacheco-Silva and Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411724
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  8. Acute insulin resistance can develop following critical illness and severe injury, and the mortality of critically ill patients can be reduced by intensive insulin therapy. Thus, compensating for the insulin r...

    Authors: LaWanda H. Thompson, Hyeong T. Kim, Yuchen Ma, Natalia A. Kokorina and Joseph L. Messina
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411715
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  9. Hyperglycemia induces defects in angiogenesis without alteration in the expression of major vascular growth factors in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. A direct negative effect of hyperglycemi...

    Authors: Giovana S. Di Marco, Antoine Alam, Frédéric Dol, Pierre Corvol, Jean-Marie Gasc and Etienne Larger
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411705
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  10. Steroid hormones induce changes in gene expression by binding to intracellular receptors that then translocate to the nucleus. Steroids have also been shown to rapidly modify cell function by binding to surfac...

    Authors: L. Jorge Góñez, Gaetano Naselli, Ilia Banakh, Hideo Niwa and Leonard C. Harrison
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411697
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  11. Although administration of 17β-estradiol (estrogen) following trauma-hemorrhage attenuates the elevation of cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in epidermal keratinocytes...

    Authors: Fariba Moeinpour, Mashkoor A. Choudhry, Luiz F. Poli de Figueiredo, Kirby I. Bland and Irshad H. Chaudry
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411689
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  12. Erythropoietin (EPO) is of great interest as a therapy for many of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases and its administration is protective in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal m...

    Authors: Manuela Mengozzi, Ilaria Cervellini, Paolo Bigini, Sara Martone, Antonella Biondi, Rosetta Pedotti, Barbara Gallo, Sara Barbera, Tiziana Mennini, Mariaserena Boraso, Marina Marinovich, Edwige Petit, Myriam Bernaudin, Roberto Bianchi, Barbara Viviani and Pietro Ghezzi
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411682
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  13. Previous studies have shown that both murine and human anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies can develop from non-DNA-reactive B cells and suggest a crucial role for somatic mutation in dsDNA bindin...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Annett M. Jacobi, Tao Wang and Betty Diamond
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411675
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  14. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the outgrowth of a CD5+ B cell. Its etiology is unknown. The structure of membrane Ig on CLL cells of unrelated patients can be remarkably similar. Therefore, antigen...

    Authors: Rosa Catera, Gregg J. Silverman, Katerina Hatzi, Till Seiler, Sebastien Didier, Lu Zhang, Maxime Hervé, Eric Meffre, David G. Oscier, Helen Vlassara, R. Hal Scofield, Yifang Chen, Steven L. Allen, Jonathan Kolitz, Kanti R. Rai, Charles C. Chu…
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1411665
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  15. Because of a production error, Figure 7 for this article was incorrectly presented in a recent issue (14[5–6]:264-275, May–June 2008). A revised image appears to the right.

    Authors: Linda Yu, Katrin Saile, Carol D. Swartz, Hong He, Xiaolin Zheng, Grace E. Kissling, Xudong Di, Shantelle Lucas, Stanley J. Robboy and Darlene Dixon
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070538
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Medicine 2008 14:Art5

  16. The aim of the study was the assessment of the effects of adult neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The contusion injury was performed by means of the Infinite ...

    Authors: Daniele Bottai, Laura Madaschi, Anna M. Di Giulio and Alfredo Gorio
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409634
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  18. Since its discovery in follicular lymphoma cells at the breakpoint t(14;18), Bcl-2 has been studied extensively in many basic and clinical science settings. Bcl-2 can locate as an integral mitochondrial membra...

    Authors: Brian A. McCarthy, Erin Boyle, Xue Ping Wang, Dorothy Guzowski, Santanu Paul, Rosa Catera, Joshua Trott, Xiao-jie Yan, Carlo M. Croce, Rajendra Damle, Sophia Yancopoulos, Bradley T. Messmer, Martin Lesser, Steven L. Allen, Kanti R. Rai and Nicholas Chiorazzi
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409618
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  19. A major complication associated with burn injury is delayed wound healing. While healing of the burn injury site is essential, healing of distal injury sites caused by surgical interventions and other processe...

    Authors: Martin G. Schwacha, Eike Nickel and TanJanika Daniel
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409628
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  20. The prediction of response (or non-response) to anti-TNF treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a pressing clinical problem. We conducted a genome-wide association study using the Illumina HapMap300 SNP ch...

    Authors: Chunyu Liu, Franak Batliwalla, Wentian Li, Annette Lee, Ronenn Roubenoff, Evan Beckman, Houman Khalili, Aarti Damle, Marlena Kern, Richard Furie, Josée Dupuis, Robert M. Plenge, Marieke J. H. Coenen, Timothy W. Behrens, John P. Carulli and Peter K. Gregersen
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409575
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  21. Recurrent respiratory papillomas (RRP) are benign airway tumors, caused primarily by human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 6 and 11.The disease is characterized by multiple recurrences after surgical removal, wit...

    Authors: James A. DeVoti, David W. Rosenthal, Rong Wu, Allan L. Abramson, Bettie M. Steinberg and Vincent R. Bonagura
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409608
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  22. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a key active Ingredient in green tea, has multiple anticarcinogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate if EGCG could prevent the formation of colon aberra...

    Authors: Jun-Hua Yuan, Yan-Qing Li and Xiao-Yun Yang
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409590
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  23. The α7 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is an essential component in the vagus nerve-based cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that regulates the levels of TNF, high mobility gro...

    Authors: William R. Parrish, Mauricio Rosas-Ballina, Margot Gallowitsch-Puerta, Mahendar Ochani, Kanta Ochani, Li-Hong Yang, LaQueta Hudson, Xinchun Lin, Nirav Patel, Sarah M. Johnson, Sangeeta Chavan, Richard S. Goldstein, Christopher J. Czura, Edmund J. Miller, Yousef Al-Abed, Kevin J. Tracey…
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409567
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  24. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinically defined condition characterized by long-lasting disabling fatigue. Because of the unknown mechanism underlying this syndrome, there still is no specific biomarker...

    Authors: Takuya Saiki, Tomoko Kawai, Kyoko Morita, Masayuki Ohta, Toshiro Saito, Kazuhito Rokutan and Nobutaro Ban
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409599
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  25. Diseases of mucosal inflammation represent important causes of morbidity and mortality, and have led to Intense research efforts to understand the factors that lead to their development. It is well accepted th...

    Authors: Steven C. Gribar, Ward M. Richardson, Chhinder P. Sodhi and David J. Hackam
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409645
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  26. A well-known observation with respect to cancer biology is that transformed cells display a disturbed cytoskeleton. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain only partly understood. In an effort to identify p...

    Authors: Xiao-Guang Ni, Lu Zhou, Gui-Qi Wang, Shang-Mei Liu, Xiao-Feng Bai, Fang Liu, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch and Ping Zhao
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409582
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  27. Molecular mechanisms underlying bipolar affective disorders are unknown. Difficulties arise from genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of patients and the lack of animal models. Thus, we focused on only one pat...

    Authors: Martin Begemann, Derya Sargin, Moritz J. Rossner, Claudia Bartels, Fabian Theis, Sven P. Wickert, Nike Stender, Benjamin Fischer, Swetlana Sperling, Sabina Stawicki, Anne Wiedl, Peter Falkai, Klaus-Armin Nave and Hannelore Ehrenreich
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409546
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  28. A severe burn leads to hypermetabolism and catabolism resulting in compromised function and structural changes of essential organs. The release of cytokines has been implicated in this hypermetabolic response....

    Authors: Celeste C. Finnerty, Marc G. Jeschke, David N. Herndon, Richard Gamelli, Nicole Gibran, Matthew Klein, Geoff Silver, Brett Arnoldo, Daniel Remick and Ronald G. Tompkins
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1409553
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  29. Metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated macrovascular and microvascular coronary disease, cardiomyopathy, and elevated inflammatory status. To determine whether metabolic syndrome-associated elevatio...

    Authors: Shan-Shan Xing, Hong-Wei Tan, Xiu-Ping Bi, Ming Zhong, Yun Zhang and Wei Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070395
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  30. Hypertension represents one of the main risk factors for vascular diseases. Genetic susceptibility may influence the rate of its development and the associated vascular remodeling. To explore markers of hypert...

    Authors: Sandrine Delbosc, Mounsif Haloui, Liliane Louedec, Morgan Dupuis, Myriam Cubizolles, Vladimir N. Podust, Eric T. Fung, Jean-Baptiste Michel and Olivier Meilhac
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070383
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  33. Gender dimorphisms exist in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, neurodegenerative, and endocrine disorders. Estrogens exert immense influence on myocardial remodeling following is...

    Authors: Rinki Ray, Nathan M. Novotny, Paul R. Crisostomo, Tim Lahm, Aaron Abarbanell and Daniel R. Meldrum
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070493
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  34. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between urinary 90 kDa N-domain Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) form with C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine plasma levels (Hcy), urinary n...

    Authors: Fernanda B. Fernandes, Frida L. Plavnik, Andressa M. S. Teixeira, Dejaldo M. J. Christofalo, Sergio A. Ajzen, Elisa M. S. Higa, Fernanda A. Ronchi, Ricardo C. C. Sesso and Dulce E. Casarini
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070429
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  35. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that inhibition of Type I Interferons, including IFN-α, may provide a therapeutic benefit for autoimmune diseases. Using a chemical genomics approach integrated with cellular...

    Authors: Bo Chen, Qin Zong, Ricardo Cibotti, Chad Morris, Juana Castaneda, Brian Naiman, Derong Liu, Anna Glodek, Gary P. Sims, Ronald Herbst, Stephen K. Horrigan, Peter A. Kiener, Dan Soppet, Anthony J. Coyle and Laurent Audoly
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070374
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  36. Macrophages play a major role in the development of vascular lesions in atherogenesis. The cells express FcγRIIIa (CD16) identical to that in NK cells, but with a cell type-specific glycosylation, and these solub...

    Authors: Midori Masuda, Katsuya Amano, Shi Yan Hong, Noriko Nishimura, Masayoshi Fukui, Masamichi Yoshika, Yutaka Komiyama, Hiroya Masaki, Toshiji Iwasaka and Hakuo Takahashi
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070436
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  37. Previous studies have demonstrated that heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (Gi) protein-deficient mice exhibit augmented inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings sug...

    Authors: Hongkuan Fan, Basilia Zingarelli, Vashaunta Harris, George E. Tempel, Perry V. Halushka and James A. Cook
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070422
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  38. Ischemia is the most common cause of acute renal failure. Ischemic-induced renal tissue hypoxia is thought to be a major component in the development of acute renal failure in promoting the initial tubular dam...

    Authors: Matthieu Legrand, Egbert G. Mik, Tanja Johannes, Didier Payen and Can Ince
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070502
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  39. PPARγ, a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family, is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Natural and synthetic ligands of PPARγ via genomic and nongenomic actions promote cell cycle arrest a...

    Authors: Efstathia Papageorgiou, Nea Pitulis, Menelaos Manoussakis, Peter Lembessis and Michael Koutsilieris
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070403
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  40. Estrogen has pleiotropic actions, among which are its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory effects. Recently, an interaction between 17β-estradiol (E2) and the transcription factor nuclear facto...

    Authors: James P. Stice and Anne A. Knowlton
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070517
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  41. While foreign pathogens and their products have long been known to activate the innate immune system, the recent recognition of a group of endogenous molecules that serve a similar function has provided a fram...

    Authors: John R. Klune, Rajeev Dhupar, Jon Cardinal, Timothy R. Billiar and Allan Tsung
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070476
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  42. Over the past two decades, inflammation has been recognized as a major driver in the pathogenesis of several common diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and asthma. Over the same period, ther...

    Authors: Carl Nathan
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070485
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  43. Low gene expression of folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS) in colorectal mucosa correlates with low folate levels and poor survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Because gene-specific hypermethylation is af...

    Authors: Yvonne Wettergren, Elisabeth Odin, Staffan Nilsson, Göran Carlsson and Bengt Gustavsson
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070412
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  44. Although the essentiality of zinc for plants and animals has been known for many decades, the essentiality of zinc for humans was recognized only 40 years ago in the Middle East. The zinc-deficient patients ha...

    Authors: Ananda S. Prasad
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1405353
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  45. Host defense peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune system. They show broad antimicrobial action against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and they likely play a key role in activating and me...

    Authors: Lars Steinstraesser, Till Koehler, Frank Jacobsen, Adrien Daigeler, Ole Goertz, Stefan Langer, Marco Kesting, Hans Steinau, Elof Eriksson and Tobias Hirsch
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070528
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  46. Most experimental therapy studies are performed in mice that bear subcutaneous or orthotopic hepatoma but are otherwise healthy and nonfibrotic. The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, develop...

    Authors: Miroslaw Kornek, Veronika Lukacs-Kornek, Andreas Limmer, Esther Raskopf, Ursula Becker, Maren Klöckner, Tilman Sauerbruch and Volker Schmitz
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070365
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  48. In spite of protective ventilatory strategies, Acute Lung Injury (ALI) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality. One reason for the lack of therapeutic options might be that ALI is a co-morbid even...

    Authors: Mario Perl, Joanne Lomas-Neira, Chun-Shiang Chung and Alfred Ayala
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070465
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  49. Developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is one of the greatest medical challenges of the 21st century. Although many of these clinical entities have been recognized for more than a hundr...

    Authors: G. Brent Irvine, Omar M. El-Agnaf, Ganesh M. Shankar and Dominic M. Walsh
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:140070451
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  50. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes mainly lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, but also structures from fungal and mycobacterial pathogens,...

    Authors: Bart Ferwerda, Matthew B. B. McCall, Karlijn Verheijen, Bart-Jan Kullberg, André J. A. M. van der Ven, Jos W. M. Van der Meer and Mihai G. Netea
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2008 14:1405346
    Content type: Review Article Published on:
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ISSN: 1528-3658