Articles

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Nitric Oxide Correlates with Cytostatic Activity: Nitric Oxide Induces Phosphorylation of Initiation Factor eIF-2α

Nitric oxide (NO) is cytostatic for proliferating cells, inhibits microbial growth, and down-regulates the synthesis of specific proteins. Studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism by which NO inhibit...

Authors: Young-Myeong Kim, Kyonghee Son, Sun-Joo Hong, Angela Green, Jane-Jane Chen, Edith Tzeng, Christian Hierholzer and Timothy R. Billiar

Mechanism of Action of Anti-C1-Inhibitor Autoantibodies: Prevention of the Formation of Stable C1s-C1-inh Complexes

Acquired CI-inhibitor (C1-inh) deficiency is usually associated with the presence of circulating C1 -inh autoantibodies. These autoantibodies have been shown previously to bind to two synthetic peptides corres...

Authors: Shiping He, Robert B. Sim, Keith Whaley and K. Austen

Immune Response to a Hepatitis B DNA Vaccine in Aotus Monkeys: A Comparison of Vaccine Formulation, Route, and Method of Administration

Attempts to optimize DNA vaccines in mice include using different routes of administration and different formulations. It may be more relevant to human use to carry such studies out in nonhuman primates. Here ...

Authors: Robert A. Gramzinski, Cynthia L. Brazolot Millan, Nicanor Obaldia, Stephen L. Hoffman and Heather L. Davis

Molecular Characterization of a Dual Endothelin-1/Angiotensin II Receptor

The molecular recognition theory (MRT) provides a conceptual framework that could explain the evolution of intermolecular and intramolecular interaction of peptides and proteins. As such, it predicts that bind...

Authors: Nelson Ruiz-Opazo, Kenji Hirayama, Kaoru Akimoto and Victoria L. M. Herrera

Internalization of a Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen-c-Myc Fusion Protein Mediated by Cell Surface Anti-c-Myc Antibodies

Anthrax toxin, secreted by Bacillus anthracis, consists of protective antigen (PA) and either lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF). PA, the receptor-binding component of the toxin, translocates LF or EF into t...

Authors: Mini Varughese, Angela Chi, Avelino V. Teixeira, Peter J. Nicholls, Jerry M. Keith and Stephen H. Leppla

Susceptibility Locus for IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency in the HLA-DR3, -B8, -A1 Haplotypes

A common genetic basis for IgA deficiency (IgAD) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is suggested by their occurrence in members of the same family and the similarity of the underlying B cell different...

Authors: Harry W. Schroeder Jr., Zeng-Bian Zhu, Ruth E. March, R. Duncan Campbell, Seth Mark Berney, Sergei A. Nedospasov, Regina L. Turetskaya, T. Prescott Atkinson, Rodney C. P. Go, Max D. Cooper and John E. Volanakis

The Department of Biochemistry at the University of Dundee

Authors: Philip Cohen

Receptors for Advanced Glycosylation Endproducts in Human Brain: Role in Brain Homeostasis

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the reactive derivatives of nonenzymatic glucose-macromolecule condensation products. Aging human tissues accumulate AGEs in an age-dependent manner and contribute to...

Authors: Jenny J. Li, Dennis Dickson, Patrick R. Hof and Helen Vlassara

Photodynamic Tumor Therapy: Mitochondrial Benzodiazepine Receptors as a Therapeutic Target

Photodynamic therapy employs photosensitive agents such as porphyrins to treat a variety of tumors accessible to light-emitting probes. This approach capitalizes on the selective retention of porphyrins by can...

Authors: Ajay Verma, Stephen L. Facchina, David J. Hirsch, Shi-Yu Song, Larry F. Dillahey, Jerry R. Williams and Solomon H. Snyder

Expression of Amphiphysin I, an Autoantigen of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes, in Breast Cancer

Amphiphysin I is a 128 kD protein highly concentrated in nerve terminals, where it has a putative role in endocytosis. It is a dominant autoantigen in patients with stiff-man syndrome associated with breast ca...

Authors: Scott Floyd, Margaret Husta Butler, Ottavio Cremona, Carol David, Zachary Freyberg, Xiaomei Zhang, Michele Solimena, Akira Tokunaga, Hideki Ishizu, Kimiko Tsutsui and Pietro De Camilli

Distinct Roles of Synapsin I and Synapsin II during Neuronal Development

The synapsins are a family of neuron-specific proteins, associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles, which have been shown to regulate neurotransmitter release in mature synapses and to accele...

Authors: Adriana Ferreira, Lih-Shen Chin, Lian Li, Lorene M. Lanier, Kenneth S. Kosik and Paul Greengard

Comorbid Migraine with Aura, Anxiety, and Depression Is Associated with Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2) NcoI Alleles

Unrelated individuals (n = 242) were interviewed directly for the presence of migraine, anxiety disorders, and major depression.

Authors: Stephen J. Peroutka, Susan C. Price, Tara L. Wilhoit and Keith W. Jones

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: Lessons in Genetic Mechanisms

Authors: James R. Lupski

The Department of Molecular Medicine at The University of Texas Institute of Biotechnology

Authors: Wen-Hwa Lee and David Sharp

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Cascade and Lethality in LTα/TNFα-Deficient Mice

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is often considered the main proinflammatory cytokine induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and consequently the critical mediator of the lethality associated with septic shock.

Authors: Franck Amiot, Catherine Fitting, Kevin J. Tracey, Jean-Marc Cavaillon and François Dautry

Transcription Abnormalities Potentiate Apoptosis of Normal Human Fibroblasts

Apoptosis is a natural process by which damaged and potentially tumorigenic cells are removed. Induction of apoptosis is important in chemotherapy aimed at eliminating cancer cells. We address the mechanisms b...

Authors: Ladislav Andera and Bohdan Wasylyk

Oligoclonality of CD8⁺ T Cells in Breast Cancer Patients

Substantial evidence has suggested that T cells play an important role in antitumor immunity. T cells with cytotoxic activity against tumors have been isolated from in vitro culture of tumor-infiltrated lympho...

Authors: Koichi Ito, James Fetten, Houman Khalili, Steven Hajdu, Erna Busch, Robert Pergolizzi, Vincent Vinciguerra and Ming-der Y. Chang

Expression of Human GLI in Mice Results in Failure to Thrive, Early Death, and Patchy Hirschsprung-like Gastrointestinal Dilatation

GLI is an oncodevelopmental gene in the vertebrate hedgehog/patched signaling pathway that is spatiotemporally regulated during development and is amplified in a subset of human cancers. GLI is the prototype for ...

Authors: Jian Tao Yang, Cheng Zheng Liu, Elisabeth H. Villavicencio, Joon Won Yoon, David Walterhouse and Philip M. Iannaccone

Gene Transfer into Hepatocytes Mediated by Helper Virus-Free HSV/AAV Hybrid Vectors

Vectors based on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can efficiently transduce hepatocytes in the mouse liver, and vector genomes can persist for at least 2 months. However, 24 hr after gene transfer, the numb...

Authors: Cornel Fraefel, David R. Jacoby, Christopher Lage, Harold Hilderbrand, Janice Y. Chou, Fred W. Alt, Xandra O. Breakefield and Joseph A. Majzoub

Transcription Factor-Based Drug Design in Anticancer Drug Development

Authors: Athanasios G. Papavassiliou

The Scripps Research Institute

Authors: William H. Beers and Robin B. Goldsmith

Histone H2A Significantly Enhances In Vitro DNA Transfection

Gene transfer is a potential treatment modality of genetic disease. Efficient, practical methods of DNA transfection are currently under investigation.

Authors: Danuta Balicki and Ernest Beutler

Expression of TNF and TNF Receptors (p55 and p75) in the Rat Brain after Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Cerebral ischemia induces a rapid and dramatic up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein and mRNA, but the cellular sources of TNF in the ischemic brain have not been defined. The diverse activities...

Authors: Galina I. Botchkina, Malcolm E. Meistrell III, Inna L. Botchkina and Kevin J. Tracey

Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis in Neuronal Excitotoxicity Triggered by Nitric Oxide

Excitotoxicity and excess generation of nitric oxide (NO) are believed to be fundamental mechanisms in many acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Disturbance of Ca²⁺ homeostasis and protein nitration/nit...

Authors: Marcel Leist, Christiane Volbracht, Simone Kühnle, Eugenio Fava, Elisa Ferrando-May and Pierluigi Nicotera

Molecular Characterization of a Mouse Genomic Element Mobilized by Advanced Glycation Endproduct Modified-DNA (AGE-DNA)

DNA modified by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) undergoes a high frequency of insertional mutagenesis. In mouse lymphoid cells, these mutations are due in part to the transposition of host genomic elemen...

Authors: Tatiana Pushkarsky, Linda Rourke, Lori A. Spiegel, Michael F. Seldin and Richard Bucala

Detection and Differentiation of the Six Brucella Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Brucelosis is a severe acute febrile disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Its current diagnosis is based on clinical observations that may be complemented by serology and microbiological culture test...

Authors: Ana M. Sifuentes-Rincón, Agnès Revol and Hugo A. Barrera-Saldaña

Tumor Antigens Discovery: Perspectives for Cancer Therapy

The adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) along with interleukin 2 (IL-2) into autologous patients with cancer resulted in the objective regressi...

Authors: Rong-Fu Wang

The Vollum Institute

Authors: Richard Sessions

Characterization of New Polyclonal Antibodies Specific for 40 and 42 Amino Acid-Long Amyloid β Peptides: Their Use to Examine the Cell Biology of Presenilins and the Immunohistochemistry of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Cases

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the main histological lesion is a proteinaceous deposit, the senile plaque, which is mainly composed of a peptide called Aβ. The aggregation process is thought to occur through enhanc...

Authors: Hélène Barelli, Anthony Lebeau, Jean Vizzavona, Pia Delaere, Nathalie Chevallier, Cyril Drouot, Philippe Marambaud, Karine Ancolio, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Olga Khorkova, Jeff Heroux, Sudhir Sahasrabudhe, Jean Martinez, Jean-Marie Warter, Michel Mohr and Frédéric Checler

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Human Keratinocytes during Acute Urticaria

IgE/allergen-dependent activation of skin mast cells is involved in acute urticaria and leads to their EL-4 release. Previously we have demonstrated in vitro the induction of the low-affinity receptor for IgE ...

Authors: Pierre-André Bécherel, Olivier Chosidow, Liliane Le Goff, Camille Francès, Patrice Debré, M. Djavad Mossalayi and Michel Arock

Constitutive Modulation of Raf-1 Protein Kinase is Associated with Differential Gene Expression of Several Known and Unknown Genes

Raf-1, a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase, plays an important role in mitogen- and damage-responsive cellular signal transduction pathways. Consistent with this notion is the fact that constitutive ...

Authors: Sonal Patel, Fuh-Han Wang, Theresa L. Whiteside and Usha Kasid

Linkage and Association Studies between the Melanocortin Receptors 4 and 5 Genes and Obesity-Related Phenotypes in the Québec Family Study

The agouti yellow mouse shows adult onset of moderate obesity and diabetes. A depressed basal lipolytic rate in adipocytes or a decreased adrenergic tone arising from antagonizing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone...

Authors: Yvon C. Chagnon, Wen-Ji Chen, Louis Pérusse, Monique Chagnon, André Nadeau, William O. Wilkison and Claude Bouchard

Altered Procollagen mRNA Expression during the Progression of Avian Scleroderma

Spontaneous animal models of human autoimmune diseases provide the means to study the very first pathogenetic events, which is not possible in their human counterparts. This is particularly true for connective...

Authors: Michael J. Ausserlechner, Roswitha Sgonc, Hermann Dietrich and Georg Wick

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma with Gene Therapy

Authors: Evan M. Hersh and Alison T. Stopeck

Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Research Institute

Authors: Marcus A. Krupp and Allen D. Cooper

Elevated AGE-Modified ApoB in Sera of Euglycemic, Normolipidemic Patients with Atherosclerosis: Relationship to Tissue AGEs

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease of diabetic and nondiabetic etiology. Recent research suggests that advanced glycation of ApoB contr...

Authors: Alan William Stitt, Cijiang He, Steven Friedman, Larry Scher, Peter Rossi, Larry Ong, Hank Founds, Yong Ming Li, Richard Bucala and Helen Vlassara

Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Increases Aggressive Behavior in Mice

Mice with targeted disruption of the gene for the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) display exaggerated aggression. Behavioral studies of mice with targeted gene deletions suffer from the critic...

Authors: Gregory E. Demas, Mikael J. L. Eliasson, Ted M. Dawson, Valina L. Dawson, Lance J. Kriegsfeld, Randy J. Nelson and Solomon H. Snyder

Induction of Aquaporin-1 mRNA following Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Reperfusion

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) are important components of congenital cardiac surgery. Ischemia/reperfusion injury and inflammatory cascade activation result in endotheli...

Authors: Sarah Tabbutt, David P. Nelson, Nina Tsai, Takuya Miura, Paul R. Hickey, John E. Mayer and Ellis J. Neufeld

Inhcer of β-Interferon

Balloon injury of the arterial wall induces increased vascular smooth cell proliferation, enhanced elastic recoil, and abnormalities in thrombosis, each of which contribute to regrowth of intima and the lesion...

Authors: Dominique Stephan, Hong San, Zhi-yong Yang, David Gordon, Susan Goelz, Gary J. Nabel and Elizabeth G. Nabel

Imbalanced Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 Genotypes Related to Sickle-Cell Trait

The sickle-cell trait protects against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and reduces susceptibility to mild malaria but does not prevent infection. The exact mechanism of this protection remains unclear. We ha...

Authors: Francine Ntoumi, Christophe Rogier, Alioune Dieye, Jean-François Trape, Pascal Millet and Odile Mercereau-Puijalon

Emerging Viruses: The Bunyaviridae

Authors: Richard M. Elliott

The J. David Gladstone Institutes

Authors: Robert W. Mahley

TNF-α Opens a Paracellular Route for HIV-1 Invasion across the Blood-Brain Barrier

HIV-1 invades the central nervous system early after infection when macrophage infiltration of the brain is low but myelin pallor is suggestive of blood-brain-barrier damage. High-level plasma viremia is a lik...

Authors: Milan Fiala, David J. Looney, Monique Stins, Dennis D. Way, Ling Zhang, Xiaohu Gan, Francesco Chiappelli, Erik S. Schweitzer, Paul Shapshak, Martin Weinand, Michael C. Graves, Marlys Witte and Kwang Sik Kim

Inhibitory Effect of Human Natural Yeast Killer Toxin-like Candidacidal Antibodies on Pneumocystis carinii

Human natural antibodies have been found that owe their candidacidal action to the mimicry of a yeast killer toxin produced by the yeast Pichia anomala (PaKT). Candidacidal human natural antibodies (KTAb) are eli...

Authors: Nathalie Séguy, Jean-Charles Cailliez, Philippe Delcourt, Stefania Conti, Daniel Camus, Eduardo Dei-Cas and Luciano Polonelli

Giant Cell Vasculitis Is a T Cell-Dependent Disease

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that preferentially targets medium-sized and large arteries. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is not known, and because of the paucity of information con...

Authors: Alexander Brack, Annette Geisler, Victor M. Martinez-Taboada, Brian R. Younge, Jörg J. Goronzy and Cornelia M. Weyand

Construction and Characterization of a Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Expressing Rat-Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor

The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 mediates its multiple effects at the cell level through a multimeric receptor consisting of a binding protein (gp80) and a signal transducer (gp130). A soluble form of gp...

Authors: Vincent Thibault, Bernard Terlain, Frank L. Graham and Jack Gauldie

Chondroitin-4-Sulfate Impairs In Vitro and In Vivo Cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum Infected Erythrocytes

Chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA) was recently described as a Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence receptor present on Saimiri brain microvascular and human lung endothelial cells.

Authors: Bruno Pouvelle, Pascal Meyer, Claire Robert, Laurence Bardel and Jürg Gysin

Transcription Factors and Aging

Authors: Arun K. Roy

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Authors: Robert C. Young

Differential Regulation of the p21/WAF-1 and mdm2 Genes after High-Dose UV Irradiation: p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Regulation of the mdm2 Gene

DNA damage in mammalian cells stabilizes the p53 protein which then functions as a cell cycle checkpoint by leading to growth arrest or apoptosis. p53 is a transcription factor and positively regulates the exp...

Authors: Lin Wu and Arnold J. Levine