Fig. 3

Detection of cytokine mRNA in the CNS in a patient with AIDS dementia

MIP-1α (a) and MIP-1β (b) were detected after DNase digestion and RT in situ PCR in cells in the areas where the HIV-1-infected cells were most plentiful in this patient with AIDS dementia. Note the cytoplasmic localization of the signal in scattered cells whose cytoplasmic extensions and large, round nuclei are suggestive of astrocytes. This is to be contrasted with the nuclear-based signal for the control in which the DNase step is omitted (c); no signal is evident after DNase digestion and RT in situ PCR if irrelevant (HPV-specific) primers are used (d).