Fig. 2
Effects of NOS inhibitors on β chemokine production. (A) Monocyte cultures (uninfected or infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type1ADA (HIV-1ADA)) were cultivated with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine or NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (L- or D-NMMA; 2 mM). Eleven days after infection, culture supernatants were withdrawn and tested for HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT) activity (4) and chemokine content by ELISA. RT activity was similar in all supernatants and equaled 1.5 × 106 cpm/ml. (B) HIV-1-infected and uninfected (control) monocyte cultures were stimulated with 10 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of L-NMMA (2 mM) or aminoguanidine (AG; 0.5 mM). 24 hr after stimulation, chemokines were assayed by ELISA. (C) Phytohemmagglutinin (PHA)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); depleted of monocytes by adherence to plastic were cultured in the presence of 2 mM L- or D-NMMA. At the indicated intervals, chemokines in the culture supernatants were assayed by ELISA. All data are presented as mean ± SEM of the triplicate cultures, and * indicates p-value ≤ 0.05 calculated using the two-tailed t-test. MIP-1α; MIP-1β.