Table 1 Significant pathogens in the family Bunyaviridae, listing diseases, vectors, and distribution

Bunyavirus

Oropouche

Human: fever

Midge

S. America

La Crosse

Human: encephalitis

Mosquito

N. America

Tahyna

Human: fever

Mosquito

Europe

Akabane

Cattle: abortion & congenital defects

Midge

Africa, Asia, Australia

Cache Valley

Sheep, cattle: congenital defects

Mosquito

N. America

Hantavirus

Hantaan-like viruses

Human: severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS (F = 5–15%)

Field mouse

Eastern Europe, Asia

Seoul-like viruses

Human: moderate HFRS (F = 1%)

Rat

Worldwide

Puumala-like viruses

Human: mild HFRS, nephropathia epidemica (F = 0.1%)

Bank vole

Western Europe

Sin Nombre-like viruses

Human: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (F = 50%)

Deer mouse

N. and S. America

Nairovirus

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Human: hemorrhagic fever (F = 20–80%)

Tick

Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia

Nairobi sheep disease

Sheep, goats: fever, hemorrhagic gasteroeneritis, abortion

Tick

E. Africa

Phlebovirus

Rift Valley fever

Human: encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, retinitis (F = 1–10%) p ]Domestic ruminants: necrotic hepatitis, hemorrhage, abortion

Mosquito

Africa

Sandfly fever Naples

Human: fever

Phlebotomine fly

Europe, Africa, Asia

Sandfly fever Sicilian

Tospovirus

Tomato spotted wilt virus

>650 plant species: various symptoms

Thrips

Worldwide