Fig. 7

HIV-1 exposure of CAEC or BMVEC induces cell vacuolization. Retroviral-like virions penetrate into the vacuoles. CAEC were either sham infected (A) or infected with HIV-1 at the multiplicity of 1.5 × 10⁶ (B). Note intense vacuolization of virus-exposed endothelia and virion-like particles (80–100 nm diameter) on the plasma membrane (arrow). BMVEC exposed to HIV-1 at the same multiplicity also became vacuolated (C and D) and retroviral particles with a dense core (the particle shown with an arrow has a diameter of approximately 100 nm) were present in the vacuoles (C and D). [Transmission electron microscopy; the bar indicates 1 µm (A), 200 nm (B), 1 µm (C), 1 µm (D).]