Fig. 4

Strategies for STAT inhibition in tumor cells. STAT-mediated cell growth and survival can be inhibited through the use of receptor antagonists, inhibitors of endogenous or mutated tyrosine kinases, STAT SH2 inhibitors (which would block both STAT recruitment to a tyrosine kinase and STAT dimerization), STAT depletion through anti-sense or pharmacologic approaches, protein inhibitors of activated STATs which can be introduced genetically or activated through biologic therapies, decoy oligonucleotides (which can compete for STAT binding to the promoters of target genes), and serine kinase inhibitors.