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Fig. 5 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Metformin suppresses UHMWPE particle-induced osteolysis in the mouse calvaria by promoting polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype

Fig. 5

mRNA expression and secretion of cytokines by mouse calvarial tissue after implantation of UHMWPE particles and treatment with saline (control), metformin, or ALN. Relative (to that in the sham group) expression of TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and IL-10 (a, c, e, g, respectively) and secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and IL-10 (b, d, f, h, respectively) among the different treatment groups. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; NS, P > 0.05

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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658