Effects of radiation on the metastatic process

Sundahl, Nora; Duprez, Fréderic; Ost, Piet; De Neve, Wilfried; Mareel, Marc

doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0015-8

Molecular Medicine

Table 3 Effect of radiation on local invasion or metastasis of rodent and human cancer cell lines as tested in syngeneic and in xenogeneic mice respectively

From: Effects of radiation on the metastatic process

Radiation			Inoculum			Score (Ir/Ctrl)	Molecular	Ref
Target	Mode	Dose	Code	Origin	Site
				Syngeneic
Cancer cells
	¹³⁷ Cs	3 Gy	9 L	glioma	intracaranial	40^d	αvβ3	(Wild-Bode et al., 2001)
	C-ion	5 Gy	LM8	osteosarcoma	subcutaneous	0.6		(Ogata et al., 2005)
	C-ion	5 Gy	LM8	osteosarcoma	intravenous	0.4		(Ogata et al., 2005)
	4 MV	10 Gy	LM8	osteosarcoma	subcutaneous	1		(Ogata et al., 2005)
	4 MV	10 Gy	LM8	osteosarcoma	intravenous	0.4		(Ogata et al., 2005)
	nm	3 Gy	9 L	glioma	intracaranial	2.4^d	IGFR1	(Zhai et al., 2006a)
CAF
	¹³⁷ Cs	10 Gy	Suit_2/CAF	pancreatic ca	intrapancreas	2.5^d	Met	(Ohuchida et al., 2004)
	nm	4 Gy	PC/CAFCM	Pancreatic ca	intravenous	4	CXCL12	(Li et al., 2016a)
Mammary f. p.
	MV	4 × 6 Gy	D2A1/FUCCI	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	1.8^d	COX2; IL6	(Bouchard et al., 2013)
	MV	4 × 6 Gy	D2A1/FUCCI	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	2^c		(Bouchard et al., 2013)
	MV	4 × 6 Gy	D2A1/FUCCI	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	2.4		(Bouchard et al., 2013)
	MV	4 × 6 Gy	D2A1/FUCCI	mammary ca	intravenous	1		(Bouchard et al., 2013)
	125 kV	20 Gy	AT1	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	6^d	HIF/KITL	(Kuonen et al., 2012b)
	125 kV	20 Gy	AT1	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	8^b
	125 kV	20 Gy	AT1	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	6
Thorax
	300 kV	10 Gy	MMT/PyVmT	mammary ca	intravenous	4	TGFβ	(Biswas et al., 2007)
	300 kV	10 Gy	MMT/PyVmT	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	17^c	TGFβ	(Biswas et al., 2007)
	300 kV	10 Gy	MMT/PyVmT	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	17	TGFβ	(Biswas et al., 2007)
	⁶⁰ Co	1 × 15 Gy	TS/A	mammary ca	intravenous	2.5		(Klein et al., 2016)
	⁶⁰ Co	1 X15 Gy	B16/F10	melanoma	intravenous	2.3	uPA;CCL2
Partial lung
	220 kV	10 Gy	4 T1	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	3		(Feys et al., 2015)
Abdomen
	6 MeV	2 Gy	CT26	colon ca	intravenous	> 1		(Timaner et al., 2015)
Total Body
	⁶⁰ Co	10 Gy	B16/F10	melanoma	subcutaneous	2		(Klein et al., 2016)
Tumor
	250 kV	10 × 0.6 Gy	KLN-205	sarcoma	subcutaneous	1^a		(Baker et al., 1981)
	¹³⁷ Cs	5 × 10 Gy	LLC-LM	lung ca	subcutaneous	10		(Camphausen et al., 2001)
	¹³⁷ Cs	5 × 10 Gy	T241	fibrosarcoma	subcutaneous	14	angiosatin	(Camphausen et al., 2001)
	6 MV	8 Gy	ALT-S1C1	glioma	intracranial	0.7		(Wang et al., 2013)
	⁶⁰Co	5 × 10 Gy	LLC-M	lung ca	subcutaneous	5	MMP9	(Chou et al., 2012)
				Xenogeneic
Cancer cells
	⁶⁰Co	7.5 Gy	HepG2	Hepatoma	intrahepatic	3^d	MMP9	(Cheng et al., 2006a)
	⁶⁰Co	4 Gy	CHO1	Fibrosarcoma	intravenous	5		(Hamalukic et al., 2011a)
	MV	6 Gy	CaSki	Cervical ca	intravenous	1.6	Ras	(Su et al., 2012)
	MV	2 Gy	HT1299	Lung ca	intravenous	6a	CXCR4	(Gu et al., 2015a)
Inoculation site
	220 kV	20 Gy	R18	Melanoma	intradermal	2^b	O₂/uPAR	(Rofstad et al., 2005)
	220 kV	20 Gy	D12	Melanoma	intradermal	2	O₂/IL8	(Rofstad et al., 2005)
	220 kV	20 Gy	SCCVII	Oral ca	subcutaneous	3.5	CYR61; αvβ5	(Monnier et al., 2008)
	220 kV	20 Gy	HCT116	Colon ca	subcutaneous	4
Total body
	6 MV	0.3 Gy	4 T1	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	7	VEGFR	(Sofia Vala et al., 2010)
	6 MV	0.3 Gy	MOLT4	leukemia	intravenous	5
Tumor
	220 kV	10 Gy	R18	Melanoma	intradermal	1.6^b	O₂/uPAR	(Rofstad et al., 2004)
	250 kV	2 × 4 Gy	U251	glioma	intracranial	> 1^d	MMP2	(Badiga et al., 2011)
	⁶⁰Co	5 × 10 Gy	C6L	glioma	subcutaneous	> 1^a	EMT	(Park et al., 2012)
	nm	5 × 2 Gy	FCT133	Thyroid ca	subcutaneous	1.6	PI3K	(Burrows et al., 2013)
	nm	20 Gy	4 T1	mammary ca	mammary f.p.	5^e		(Vilalta et al., 2014)
	6 MeV	2 Gy	SW480	Colon ca	intracolonic	> 1^a		(Timaner et al., 2015)
	X-rays	15 × 2 Gy	SGC7901	Gastric ca	subcutaneous	2		(Zhang et al., 2015a)

Scores indicate the metastasis in the lungs unless indicated as: ^a, lung and other metastases; ^b, lymph node metastasis; ^c, circulating tumor cells (CTC); ^d, Local invasion; ^e, self-seeding from an unirradiated heterolateral breast tumor to an irradiated recipient one. Scores represent metastasis after administration of radiation relative to control mice (Ir/Ctrl). Abbreviations; avb3, integrin; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts; C-ion, carbon-ions; Ca, carcinoma; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CM, conditioned medium; Co, cobalt; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; Cs, cesium; CTC, circulating tumor cells; CXCL12, C-X-C motif chemokine 12; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; CYR61, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; f.p., fat pad; Gy, gray; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; IGFR, insulin-like growth factor receptor; IL, interleukin; KITL, tyrosine-kinase receptor encoded by the KIT locus, also known as stem cell factor; Met, tyrosine-protein kinase Met; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; nm, not mentioned; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Ras, small GTPase encoded by the RAS gene; sa, sarcoma; TGF-b, transforming growth factor beta; uPAR, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth receptor

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