Fig. 7

Comparing metabolic pathways in the hair metabolome associated with T1 sIUGR, T2&3 sIUGR, and control MCDA twins. The predicted metabolic activity was illustrated using log₂ fold changes. Red color blocks represent upregulated metabolic activity in dividend groups compared to the divisor groups, whereas green color blocks represent downregulated metabolic activity in dividend groups compared to the divisor groups. Only the metabolic pathways with a significant p-value (logistic regression: p < 0.05) and q-value (FDR: q < 0.05) are plotted. List of abbreviations: MCDA = Monochorionic diamniotic; sIUGR = Selective intrauterine growth restriction; T1 = Normal umbilical artery flow type. T2&3 = Abnormal umbilical artery flow; L = Larger twin; S = Smaller twin