Fig. 2

CQ increases double-membrane autophagosomes in nonischemic muscle. Transmission electron microscopy images of cross-sections of tibialis anterior muscle harvested from at 24 h from nonischemic and ischemic hindlimbs from WT C57Bl6/J mice treated with either PBS or CQ (50 mg/kg) for 21 days prior to the initiation of unilateral femoral artery ligation (FAL). Images captured at 30,000x magnification. Autophagosomes were identified as double membrane vesicles (arrows) and quantified as a function of the number of myofibers per image. A minimum of 5 images per limb/animal were evaluated. Representative images shown. *p < 0.05, PBS:CQ nonischemic limb, N = 3 mice per treatment, 5 images/limb for each mouse; Scale bar = 500 nm