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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of trauma patients stratified according to trauma severity and detectable IL-33

From: Rapid systemic surge of IL-33 after severe human trauma: a prospective observational study

  

NISS < 9

NISS 9–24

NISS > 24

p-value*

IL-33neg

IL-33pos

 

n

17

44

51

24

IL-33neg vs pos

Age

Years

35 (26–46)

36 (28–49)

44 (29–62)

39.5 (22–61)

0.2609

Male gender

n (%)

12 (71)

34 (77)

38 (75)

17 (71)

0.6024

Time after injury of first sample

Hours

0.9 (0.8–1.2)

1.1 (0.6–1.4)

1.7 (1.1–2.5)

1.2 (0.8–1.6)

0.0119

Penetrating trauma

n (%)

2 (12)

8 (18)

8 (16)

0 (0)

0.049

Major head trauma†

n (%)

0 (0)

7 (16)

36 (71)

16 (67)

0.7913

Isolated major head trauma‡

n (%)

0 (0)

5 (11)

12 (24)

0 (0)

0.0072

NISS

Score

2 (1–5)

14 (10–19)

41 (34–57)

49 (41–59)

0.3390

ISS

Score

2 (1–5)

10 (9–14)

29 (21–38)

42 (29–50)

0.0278

Number of ISS regions affected

Number

1 (1–2)

2 (2–3)

3 (2–4)

5 (4–5)

0.0001

Injury to ISS region:

 Head or neck

n (%)

7 (41)

12 (27)

36 (71)

18 (75)

0.7873

 Face

n (%)

1 (6)

10 (23)

22 (43)

6 (25)

0.2004

 Chest

n (%)

0 (0)

19 (42)

28 (55)

21 (88)

0.0084

 Abdominal or pelvic contents

n (%)

0 (0)

7 (15)

10 (20)

21 (88)

 < 0.0001

 Extremities or pelvic girdle

n (%)

3 (18)

19 (43)

26 (51)

21 (88)

0.0023

 External

n (%)

12 (71)

34 (77)

43 (84)

23 (96)

0.2566

aPTT§

Sec

32 (31–35)

30 (29–33)

32 (29–36)

43 (38–75)

 < 0.0001

aPTT > 35§

n (%)

4 (24)

8 (19)

14 (28)

19 (83)

 < 0.0001

INRll

Ratio

1 (1.0–1.1)

1.1 (1.0–1.1)

1.1 (1.0–1.1)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

 < 0.0001

INR > 1.2ll

n (%)

0 (0)

3 (7)

2 (4.1)

9 (39.1)

0.0003

Coagulopathic (INR > 1.5 and/or aPTT > 60)

n (%)

0 (0)

1 (2.3)

2 (4.1)

7 (30.4)

0.0037

Transfusion of PRBC

Units

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

1.5 (0–10)

0.0004

Base excess**

mmol/L

− 2 (0–− 3.1)

− 1.9 (− 0.9–− 4.2)

− 3.4 (− 1.6–− 6.3)

− 6.2 (− 3.7–− 13.7)

0.0306

CK maximum first 48 h

U/L

201 (128–574)

435 (217–1356)

1254 (284–3606)

1933 (483–5398)

0.2286

LDH maximum first 48 h

U/L

242 (202–281)

369 (198–543)

320 (273–415)

599 (416–960)

0.0009

  1. All data presented as median (with quartiles) or number of patients (%)
  2. *Analysed by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test or by χ2/Fisher’s exact test as appropriate with p values presented in bold italics if p < 0.05
  3. †Defined as AIS score ≥ 3 in ISS region Head or neck
  4. ‡Defined as major head trauma with no registered injuries to ISS regions Chest, Abdominal or pelvic contents, or Extremities or pelvic girdle
  5. §3 patients excluded from analysis due to known anticoagulant treatment prior to injury and 3 patients excluded due to no aPTT test performed at admission
  6. ll3 patients excluded from analysis due to known anticoagulant treatment prior to injury and 1 patient excluded due to no INR test performed at admission
  7. **9 patients excluded from analysis due to no test performed at admission
  8. NISS New Injury Severity Score; ISS Injury Severity Score; aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time; INR International Normalized Ratio; PRBC packed red blood cells; CK creatine kinase; LDH lactate dehydrogenase
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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658